Bobby Fischer Goes to War : How the Soviets Lost the Most Extraordinary Chess Match of All Time - Hardcover

Edmonds, David; Eidinow, John

Hardcover

ISBN 10: 0060510242 ISBN 13: 9780060510244

Publisher: Ecco, 2004

Synopsis

By the authors of the national bestseller Wittgenstein’s Poker, a riveting account of the legendary 1972 chess match between Boris Spassky, the world champion from the Soviet Union, and the American challenger Bobby Fischer

In the summer of 1972, with a presidential crisis stirring in the United States and the cold war at a pivotal point, the Soviet world chess champion Boris Spassky and his American challenger Bobby Fischer met in Reykjavik, Iceland for a chess match that held the world spellbound for two months with reports of psychological warfare, political intrigue, and cliffhangers. Thirty years later, David Edmonds and John Eidinow have set out to reexamine the story we recollect as the quintessential cold war clash between a lone American star and the Soviet chess machine. A mesmerizing narrative of hubris and despair, Bobby Fischer Goes to War is a biting deconstruction of the Bobby Fischer myth, a nuanced study on the art of brinkmanship, and a revelatory cold war tragicomedy.

About this title

About the Authors

David Edmonds is an award-winning journalists with the BBC. He's the bestselling authors of Bobby Fischer Goes to War and Wittgenstein’s Poker.

John Eidinow is an award-winning journalist with the BBC. He's the bestselling authors of Bobby Fischer Goes to War and Wittgenstein’s Poker.

From the Back Cover

In the summer of 1972, with a presidential crisis stirring in the United States and the cold war at a pivotal point, two men -- the Soviet world chess champion Boris Spassky and his American challenger Bobby Fischer -- met in the most notorious chess match of all time. Their showdown in Reykjavik, Iceland, held the world spellbound for two months with reports of psychological warfare, ultimatums, political intrigue, cliffhangers, and farce to rival a Marx Brothers film.

Thirty years later, David Edmonds and John Eidinow, authors of the national bestseller Wittgenstein's Poker, have set out to reexamine the story we recollect as the quintessential cold war clash between a lone American star and the Soviet chess machine -- a machine that had delivered the world title to the Kremlin for decades. Drawing upon unpublished Soviet and U.S. records, the authors reconstruct the full and incredible saga, one far more poignant and layered than hitherto believed.

Against the backdrop of superpower politics, the authors recount the careers and personalities of Boris Spassky, the product of Stalin's imperium, and Bobby Fischer, a child of post-World War II America, an era of economic boom at home and communist containment abroad. The two men had nothing in common but their gift for chess, and the disparity of their outlook and values conditioned the struggle over the board.

Then there was the match itself, which produced both creative masterpieces and some of the most improbable gaffes in chess history. And finally, there was the dramatic and protracted off-the-board battle -- in corridors and foyers, in back rooms and hotel suites, in Moscow offices and in the White House.

The authors chronicle how Fischer, a manipulative, dysfunctional genius, risked all to seize control of the contest as the organizers maneuvered frantically to save it -- under the eyes of the world's press. They can now tell the inside story of Moscow's response, and the bitter tensions within the Soviet camp as the anxious and frustrated apparatchiks strove to prop up Boris Spassky, the most un-Soviet of their champions -- fun-loving, sensitive, and a free spirit. Edmonds and Eidinow follow this careering, behind-the-scenes confrontation to its climax: a clash that displayed the cultural differences between the dynamic, media-savvy representatives of the West and the baffled, impotent Soviets. Try as they might, even the KGB couldn't help.

A mesmerizing narrative of brilliance and triumph, hubris and despair, Bobby Fischer Goes to War is a biting deconstruction of the Bobby Fischer myth, a nuanced study on the art of brinkmanship, and a revelatory cold war tragicomedy.

Reviews

Not long ago, in the days of that post-Cold War bliss when Americans and Russians looked longingly at one another, a friend in Moscow told me a story about chess. A mini-oligarch, Nikolai had made a fortune importing chicken parts from Arkansas. He tried to explain the significance of chess in the USSR. "It was never a game," he said. "For liberal intellectuals, chess was an escape, and for them" -- the old men in the Kremlin trying to keep a calcified grip on power -- "it was a weapon."

Ever since a Soviet captured the world championship in 1948, the USSR had reigned on the chessboard. Grandmasters had obvious allure to the Party. Compared to ballistic missiles, they were far cheaper to produce, never seemed to backfire and delivered enviable propaganda rewards. Cosmonauts, weightlifters and gymnasts were sources of pride, of course. But chess players elevated the Cold War to a cerebral realm; chess was a proving ground, Soviet leaders and many ordinary Russians were convinced, for the USSR's greatest strength -- the indomitable Soviet mind.

Enter Bobby Fischer, gangly kid from Brooklyn, all brains and no grace, a high-school dropout with the sartorial sense of Gary Glitter, who gate-crashed the chess world in the age of Elvis. Fischer did not climb to the top. He bulldozed his way. He got his first chessboard at age 6; by 15, he was a grandmaster. More than a prodigy -- the word is too benign -- Fischer was, in the words of one player, "a prototype Deep Blue." He did not have rivals, but victims. Soon opponents and critics would talk of the boy in Nietzschean terms -- he destroyed wills and usurped psyches.

The advent of a homegrown chess champion spawned a new genre in American letters. Frank Brady's Profile of a Prodigy: The Life and Games of Bobby Fischer, a 250-page biography, appeared in 1965, when Fischer was 22. The Library of Congress catalogue yields 78 listings for "Bobby Fischer." Most are accounts of his most famous match -- when he challenged the Soviet champion Boris Spassky in Reykjavik, Iceland, in 1972. Everyone from Sports Illustrated to George Steiner weighed in on the match. Moreover, in the years since, as Fischer went into a world-class downspin, nearly everyone who has ever had contact with him seems to have added something to the canon. Even a former German girlfriend offered a memoir in 1995.

It comes as a surprise, then, that the Reykjavik match should inspire yet another book, more than 30 years on. Bobby Fischer Goes to War, by British journalists David Edmonds and John Eidinow, professes to break ground: to tell, as its subtitle announces, how the Soviets lost the most extraordinary chess match of all time. Edmonds and Eidinow, BBC veterans and authors of the acclaimed Wittgenstein's Poker, have met their goal: This is the definitive history of Fischer vs. Spassky. Edmonds and Eidinow carefully relate the complex turns of the championship while detailing the unseen prodding of the powers behind the Cold War curtains (namely, KGB minders and Henry Kissinger), without allowing the match's twin plots -- the moves on the chessboard and in the political arena -- to eclipse each other.

The cast is comprehensive. The authors have tracked down nearly all the participants on both sides of the Atlantic, as well as those on the island that had the dubious honor of hosting the match. The Icelandic lighting engineer, the mason who remade the marble chess board (at Fischer's insistence) and the chemist who tested (at the Soviets' insistence) the players' chairs for "chemical chicanery" all appear. But for all this attention to detail -- at times, the narrative reads like a Warren Report of chess's greatest match -- the eponymous hero (or in Nietzschean terms, anti-hero) of the piece is oddly absent.

Not that Fischer has been silent. It is true that he has not talked to the press since Reykjavik. But unlike Salinger or Pynchon, he reappears now and then -- either for money or for malice. He surfaced in 1992 for a profitable, if pitiful, rematch with Spassky in Yugoslavia -- breaking U.N. sanctions and earning a U.S. arrest warrant. Since 1999, he has blazed across the airwaves, in bizarre radio rants, most often from the Philippines. In the recordings (available on the fan Web site www.bobbyfischer.net ) he sounds like an insomniac extremist on a libertine talk show. He rails against the Jews, the United States, the Commies, the Russians, Ed Koch, both President Bushes, the chess establishment, even the police in Pasadena. (During perhaps his lowest low, in 1981, Fischer was arrested in southern California. He claims he was tortured and has written a pamphlet detailing the trauma.) On Sept. 11, 2001, he hit rare form. Asked about the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, he screamed for joy: "This is all wonderful news. It's time for the [expletive] U.S. to get their heads kicked in. To finish off the U.S. once and for all."

Fischer is, to paraphrase Dostoyevsky, insulted and injured. A corps of psychiatrists and grandmasters could perhaps find the root of his madness. Edmonds and Eidinow flash an interest in its origins but fail to delve any deeper. The authors address his anti-Semitism -- he is a devotee of both Mein Kampf and the Protocols of the Elders of Zion -- in two paragraphs early in the book and one toward its close. And they give but two brief nods to Fischer's dalliance with Pasadena's Worldwide Church of God, a fundamentalist sect founded by a charismatic former newspaper ad designer.

These lapses are costly. Fischer's road to Reykjavik is revelatory, presaging the turmoil and madness that followed his victory over Spassky. (In 1975, after feuding with chess authorities, Fischer refused to defend his crown, despite a $5-million purse put up by Ferdinand Marcos, forfeiting the world championship to the ascendant Soviet, Anatoly Karpov.) At the heart of their tale, the authors stress not the games but the antics that marginalized them, and they couch Fischer's behavior in terms of psy-ops, not psychosis. The authors hint at the nature of their protagonist's trouble but bury it in a quote, as if Fischer's waning grasp on sanity were an incidental or eccentric tic: "Chess is not something that drives people mad," says Bill Hartston, an international master and psychologist. "Chess is something that keeps mad people sane."

Edmonds and Eidinow do a better job bringing Spassky to life. In chapters on his childhood, they depict Leningrad aptly, painting its historical and psychological landscape: the burden of the Nazi blockade, the Dostoyevskian sense of the phantasmagorical, the inborn yearning for autonomy, whether spawned by the proximity of the West or the surrounding waterways. Above all, they capture why Spassky dove into chess: "Amid the ruins of the city, chess provided the near destitute young Spassky with a connection to society, subsistence, and a much needed sense of order."

Chess may not seem like sexy copy. But think Nabokov. The 64 squares and the singular spell they hold over select men -- and, increasingly, women -- around the world make for taut drama. Off the board Fischer played chicken, but his moves bore names like "the Sicilian Defense," which boasted 17th-century roots. When the authors at last come to the games, their prose -- which at times reads like a transcript of a BBC science documentary ("We have already touched on a final aspect . . . ") -- gains pace. Wisely relying on chess masters as kibitzers, they recreate the pivotal turns faithfully: how Fischer lost the first game, refused to play the second, nearly caved in for good but regained his strength, somehow survived the ensuing marathon and, in a hailstorm of brilliance, defeated a crushed Spassky.

Throughout it all, Fischer tacks between obstinacy and acquiescence, blundering and brilliance, rage and greed, fear and egotism. Yet absent a deeper portrait, one that does not gloss over his paradoxes and ugliness, the shifts appear inexplicable. The authors do detail his relentless demands; the lights, cameras, noise, crowds, shading of the chessboard and, above all, the money had to meet his standards. (The Icelanders joked, the authors note, that "Bobby had demanded the setting of the sun three hours earlier.") But they seem to see such behavior as exacting or eccentric, not pathological. Instead of studying a multi-polar sociopath, they settle for terming Fischer "a volatile genius, enthralling and shocking, appealing yet repellent."

Edmonds and Eidinow also offer the tease of new material. They trace the KGB's fears that the Americans were poisoning Spassky or probing his mind. (Fischer's same fears of the Soviets are old news.) And, based on declassified FBI documents, they offer a new patrilineal genealogy for the boy from Brooklyn, suggesting that his biological father, as well as his mother, were both Jewish. Both were also "Communist sympathizers," perhaps even Soviet agents. Sadly, they bury the details of this revelation in an appendix. Moreover, theirs is not the first published account of the FBI file. (That credit, though unnoted, belongs to two reporters then at the Philadelphia Inquirer, for a 2002 investigation that gets no mention in Bobby Fischer Goes to War.) Edmonds and Eidinow reveal the chaos in the Soviet chess world, which, as the West would learn after the fall of the USSR, mirrored the chaos in the Soviet armed forces. But they apparently find no KGB documents -- only the private papers of a deputy sports minister. Their chapter probing Soviet fears that Fischer used "dirty tricks" ("Extra-Chess Means and Hidden Hands") is twice as long as the one on the beauty and allure of chess. Yet after exploring all corners of speculation, they find no smoking gun.

Bobby Fischer is not John Nash, the troubled genius of A Beautiful Mind. For America's first -- and, so far, only -- world champion, there has been no Hollywood coda. Yet Fischer's achievement did reach beyond chess. At their best, Edmonds and Eidinow set the record straight. Fischer-Spassky, despite its billing, was not about the Cold War. It was about détente. The summer of 1972 was fateful -- with the endgame in Vietnam, the Watergate break-in and the Olympic massacre in Munich. But those 21 games in Iceland, for all the belligerence and paranoia of their participants, brought the world's superpowers closer. Both players, in their flawed greatness, brought hope. That is why my friend Nikolai loves to remember Reykjavik. Fischer-Spassky, he says, held a beautiful irony. For many in the USSR, the match of all times afforded a secret joy: "We loved that insane American."

Reviewed by Andrew Meier

Copyright 2004, The Washington Post Co. All Rights Reserved.

The duo that crafted the bestselling Wittgenstein's Poker returns to chronicle "the most notorious chess duel in history," the 1972 match between world champion Boris Spassky and challenger Bobby Fischer. Although the competition has achieved iconic status, Edmonds and Eidinow do an excellent job of making the story fresh, recreating the atmosphere of controversy that surrounded both players long before they met in Reykjavik, not to mention the extraordinary hurdles tournament organizers faced in getting the already eccentric Fischer to even show up, which ultimately required a phone call from Henry Kissinger and prize money put up by an English millionaire. Fischer's troubling personality is a matter of common knowledge, but the thawing of the Cold War enables the authors to flesh out the Soviet side of the story, offering a fuller perspective on the friction between the rebellious grandmaster and Communist officials, and revelations about the very active presence of the KGB during the games, while debunking other rumors about plots to poison or brainwash Spassky. (Declassified FBI files also present groundbreaking information about Fischer and his family.) The actual chess has been analyzed to death elsewhere, so the authors don't delve into the games' details much except when the players made horrendous blunders, which segue into the underlying focus on psychology, addressing Fischer's ability to get away with bullying officials into meeting his exacting demands and Spassky's loss of confidence over the course of the match. Even if you think you know the story, this highly entertaining account will surprise and delight.
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

From Edmonds, author of the unexpectedly popular Wittgenstein's Poker (2001), comes this intriguing look at the world of competitive chess, circa 1972. That was the year Boris Spassky, the Russian, and Bobby Fischer, the upstart American, fought it out for global chess supremacy. It was a match that held the world spellbound, a two-month marathon that hit the front pages (during the last stages of the Vietnam War and the early stages of Watergate) and turned millions of people into chess addicts. But, as the authors demonstrate, the story was not just about two chess masters; it was about politics, about two countries fighting a cold war. Could Fischer break Russia's decades-long hold on the world chess championship? And, by association, could the U.S. vanquish its nemesis? The narrative never really takes off here, as it did in Wittgenstein's Poker, but the book does a very good job of setting the scene, of making us feel as though it's 1972, and we are witnessing something of truly global importance. Good reading, especially for chess buffs. David Pitt
Copyright © American Library Association. All rights reserved

Edition details

• Publisher: Ecco
• Publication date: 2004
• Language: English
• ISBN 10: 0060510242
• ISBN 13: 9780060510244
• Binding: Hardcover
• Edition number: 1
• Number of pages: 368