Provides a complete, authoritative course in the informix implementation of SQL. Covers key SQL concepts and terms: basic to advanced and detailed coverage of triggers and stored procedures. Softcover.
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Master the Informix implementation of SQL, start-to-finish-updated for the new Informix Dynamic Server.2000 and Informix Enterprise Decision Server!
The Informix Guide to SQL: Tutorial, Second Edition is the authoritative, complete tutorial for learning the Informix implementation of SQL-completely updated for Informix Dynamic Server.2000 and Informix Enterprise Decision Server. Starting with the simplest SELECT statements, this complete course walks you through everything you need to know to succeed with SQL. Learn how to build and optimize queries, both simple and advanced. Use SQL statements to insert, delete, or update data, while you maintain data integrity and security. Learn how to call the database server, retrieve rows, embed data, and create and implement efficient data models, step-by-step. Coverage includes all this, and more:
Want to learn the Informix implementation of SQL fast-and learn it right? Get the Informix Guide to SQL: Tutorial, Second Edition.
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IntroductionIn This Introduction
This introduction provides an overview of the information in this book and describes the conventions it uses.About This Book
This book shows how to use basic and advanced structured query language (SQL) to access and manipulate the data in your databases. It discusses the data manipulation language (DML) statements as well as triggers and stored procedure language (SPL) routines, which DML statements often use.
This book is one of a series of books that discusses the Informix implementation of SQL. The Informix Guide to SQL: Reference and Syntax, Second Edition provides reference information for aspects of SQL other than the language statements and contains all the syntax descriptions for SQL and SPL. The Informix Guide to Designing Databases and Data Warehouses shows how to use SQL to implement and manage your databases.Types of Users
This book is written for the following users:
Database users
Database administrators
Database-application programmers
This book assumes that you have the following background:
A working knowledge of your computer, your operating system, and the utilities that your operating system provides
Some experience working with relational databases or exposure to database concepts
Some experience with computer programming
If you have limited experience with relational databases, SQL, or your operating system, refer to the Getting Started manual for your database server for a list of supplementary titles.Software Dependencies
This book assumes that you are using one of the following database servers:
Informix Enterprise Decision Server, Version 8.3
Informix Dynamic Server 2000, Version 9.2Assumptions About Your Locale
Informix products can support many languages, cultures, and code sets. All culture-specific information is brought together in a single environment, called a Global Language Support (GLS) locale.
This book assumes that you use the U.S. 8859-1 English locale as the default locale. The default is en_us.8859-1 (ISO 8859-1) on UNIX platforms or en_us.1252 (Microsoft 1252) for Windows NT environments. This locale supports U.S. English format conventions for dates, times, and currency, and also supports the ISO 8859-1 or Microsoft 1252 code set, which includes the ASCII code set plus many 8-bit characters such as e, e, and n.
If you plan to use nondefault characters in your data or your SQL identifiers, or if you want to conform to the nondefault collation rules of character data, you need to specify the appropriate nondefault locale.
For instructions on how to specify a nondefault locale, additional syntax, and other considerations related to GLS locales, see the Informix Guide to GLS Functionality.Demonstration Databases
The DB-Access utility, which is provided with your Informix database server products, includes one or more of the following demonstration databases:
The stores_demo database illustrates a relational schema with information about a fictitious wholesale sporting-goods distributor. Many examples in Informix manuals are based on the stores_demo database.
The sales_demo database illustrates a dimensional schema for data-warehousing applications. For conceptual information about dimensional data modeling, see the Informix Guide to Database Design and Implementation.
The superstores_demo database illustrates an object-relational schema. The superstores_demo database includes examples of extended data types, type and table inheritance, and user-defined routines. For information about how to create and populate the demonstration databases, see the DB-Access User's Manual. For descriptions of the databases and their contents, see the Informix Guide to SQL: Reference. The scripts that you use to install the demonstration databases reside in the $INFORMIXDIR/bin directory on UNIX and in the %INFORMIXDIR%\bin directory in Windows.New Features
For a comprehensive list of new database server features, see the release notes. This section lists new features relevant to this book.New Features in Version 8.3
This book describes new features in Version 8.3 of Enterprise Decision Server. The features fall into the following areas:
Performance enhancements
New SQL functionality
Version 8.3 features from Dynamic Server 7.30Performance Enhancements
This book describes the following performance enhancements to Version 8.3 of Enterprise Decision Server:
Coarse-grain index locks
Updates with subquery in SET clauseNew SQL Functionality
This book describes the following new SQL functionality in Version 8.3 of Enterprise Decision Server:
DELETE ... USING statement to delete rows based on a table join
Load and unload simple large objects to external tables
TRUNCATE statementVersion 8.3 Features from Version 7.30
This book describes the following features from Version 7.3 of Dynamic Server in Version 8.3 of Enterprise Decision Server:
Ability to retain update locks
COUNT function
Insert from SPL procedures
NVL and DECODE functions
REPLACE, SUBSTR, LPAD, and RPAD functions for string manipulation
Slow ALTER TABLE
TO_CHAR and TO_DATE functions for date conversion
Triggers
UPDATE SET clause subqueries
UPPER, LOWER, and INITCAP functions for case-insensitive search
Violations tableNew Features in Version 9.2
This book describes new features in Version 9.2 of Dynamic Server. The features fall into the following areas:
Extensibility enhancements
Performance improvements
Special featuresExtensibility Enhancements
This book describes the following extensibility enhancements to Version 9.2 of Dynamic Server:
Enhancements to the database server: dynamic lock allocation
General enhancements to SQL:
Embedded newline characters in quoted strings
Nested dot expressions
Triggers on SELECT statements
Enhancements to collections:
Collection constructors that use arbitrary expression elements
Collection-derived tables
Collection subqueriesPerformance Improvements
This book describes the following performance improvements to Version 9.2 of Dynamic Server:
SQL statement cache
For UDRs:
Expensive-function optimization
Parallel UDRs Special Features
This book describes the following special features in Version 9.2 of Dynamic Server:
n
Long identifiers:
q
128-character identifier
q
32-character user names
n
Ability to retain update locksAdditional Documentation
For additional information, you might want to refer to the following types of documentation:
On-line manuals
Printed manuals
On-line help
Error message documentation
Documentation notes, release notes, and machine notes
Related readingOn-Line Manuals
An Answers OnLine CD that contains Informix manuals in electronic format is provided with your Informix products. You can install the documentation or access it directly from the CD. For information about how to install, read, and print on-line manuals, see the installation insert that accompanies Answers OnLine.
Informix on-line manuals are also available on the following Web site:informix/answersPrinted Manuals
To order printed manuals, call 1-800-331-1763 or send email to moreinfo@informix. Please provide the following information when you place your order:
The documentation that you need
The quantity that you need
Your name, address, and telephone numberOn-Line Help
Informix provides on-line help with each graphical user interface (GUI) that displays information about those interfaces and the functions that they perform. Use the help facilities that each GUI provides to display the on-line help.Error Message Documentation
Informix software products provide ASCII files that contain all of the Informix error messages and their corrective actions.
To read error messages and corrective actions on UNIX, use one of the following utilities.
Utility Description
finderr Displays error messages on line
rofferr Formats error messages for printing
To read error messages and corrective actions in Windows environments, use the Informix Find Error utility. To display this utility, choose Start->Programs->Informix from the Task Bar.
Instructions for using the preceding utilities are available in Answers OnLine. Answers OnLine also provides a listing of error messages and corrective actions in HTML format.Documentation Notes, Release Notes, Machine Notes
In addition to printed documentation, the following sections describe the on-line files that supplement the information in this book. Please examine these files before you begin using your database server. They contain vital information about application and performance issues.
On UNIX platforms, the following on-line files appear in the $INFORMIXDIR/release/en_us/0333 directory. Replace x.y in the filenames with the version number of your database server.
On-Line File Purpose
SQLTDOC_x.y The documentation notes file for your version of this manual describes topics that are not covered in the manual or that were modified since publication.
SERVERS_x.y The release notes file describes feature differences from earlier versions of Informix products an
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