Applications of Cdma in Wireless/Personal Communications (Feher/Prentice Hall Digital and Wireless Communication Series) - Hardcover

Garg, Vijay K.; Smolik, Kenneth F.; Wilkes, Joseph E.

Hardcover

ISBN 10: 0135721571 ISBN 13: 9780135721575

Publisher: Prentice Hall, 1996

Synopsis

Complete guide to CDMA and to its breakthrough digital cellular and PCS applications. Includes thorough guidance for engineers about how to design CDMA systems for optimal RF coverage. DLC: Code division multiple access.

About this title

About the Author

VIJAY GARG, Ph.D., PE, SE, has been with Lucent Technologies' Bell Laboratories since 1985, where he is a Distinguished Member of Technical Staff.

KEN SMOLIK, Ph.D., PE, is also a Distinguished Member of Technical Staff at Lucent Technologies' Bell Laboratories.

JOSEPH E. WILKES, Ph.D., PE, is a senior research scientist at Bell Communications Research (Bellcore). He originally joined AT&T in 1972, and was part of the team that designed the world's first cellular system.

From the Back Cover

The complete guide to CDMA and to its breakthrough digital cellular and PCS applications.

In the United States, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is expected to become the most widely-deployed technology for the new generation of wireless Personal Communications Systems (PCS). In this book, leading CDMA experts from Lucent Technologies' Bell Laboratories and from Bellcore present a complete engineer's guide to CDMA and its applications.

The book provides background on spread spectrum technologies, and then offers an in-depth technical explanation of how CDMA implements spread spectrum techniques. The CDMA architecture and protocols are covered in detail, including:

• The CDMA air interface (TIA IS-95A call processing model, service configuration, negotiation, and registration)
• Mobile Switching Centers (MSCs)
• How CDMA maps to the 7-layer OSI reference model

The book includes thorough guidance for engineers about how to design CDMA systems for optimal RF coverage. It provides CDMA indoor and outdoor propagation models, CDMA link budgets, guidelines for transitioning from analog to CDMA, facilities engineering information, radio link capacity, and techniques for handling "border cells" near inter-vendor boundaries. An extensive case study is also included, presenting the design of a real-world CDMA system.

The book shows how CDMA networks are operated and maintained, focusing on aspects of the telecommunications Network Management (TMN) architecture that lend themselves to management of PCS networks. Finally, it describes future directions for CDMA and PCS networks, including wireless intelligent networks, Over-the-Air Service Provisioning, improved speech coding, and CDMA-based digital data.

From the Inside Flap

chapter 1, we explore the growth in the wireless communications and present market trends. We develop the market and technical needs for digital technologies and discuss their merits when compared to analog technology. We briefly describe the digital technologies used for cellular technology. In chapter 2, we describe different spread spectrum (SS) systems and then focus on the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) technology that is specified in the TIA IS-95 and TIA-T1P1 J-STD-008 CDMA systems. We develop necessary relationships to evaluate the performance of a DSSS system with binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulation and provide a relationship to calculate the performance of a CDMA system. We conclude the chapter by discussing the main features of a CDMA system.
In chapter 3, we provide a survey of CDMA standards specifying the air interface (i.e., the messaging between the base station and the mobile station). This chapter highlights the TIA IS-95A call processing model, service configuration and negotiation, and registration by the mobile station. In chapter 4, we present the TIA TR-45/46 reference model, which is a basis for the cellular and PCS standards. We discuss the mobile switching center (MSC)Ñbase station (BS) interface. The effects upon the architecture of a CDMA system are emphasized. We conclude the chapter by discussing the basic and supplementary services that are supported by cellular and PCS standards.
In chapter 5, we introduce the concepts of the seven-layer open-system interconnect (OSI) reference model. We describe the physical layer of the CDMA system and the wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) system. We describe the network and data link layers of the two systems in chapter 6. We discuss the signaling application layer in chapter 7. We include call flows for several typical services supplied to mobile stations using CDMA and W-CDMA. Also, we examine network operations for call origination, call termination, call clearing, mobile station registration, and mobile-assisted hand-offs. In chapter 8, we discuss speech-coding algorithms that have been standardized for CDMA telephony. Note that a single speech-coding algorithm has not been adopted across the various types of access technologies since an algorithm may be customized for optimization in the context of the given access technology.
We deal with the basic guidelines for engineering a CDMA system in chapter 9. This chapter discusses several topics that are germane to the engineering of a CDMA system. These topics include indoor and outdoor propagation models, link budgets, transitioning from analog to CDMA operation, facilities engineering, radio link capacity, and border cells located at a boundary between two service providers. In chapter 10, we concentrate on wireless data systems, including the wide area wireless data system and the high-speed Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). We discuss the standards activities for wireless data and outline the access methods and error control schemes. We also include data services standards for wideband systems and present highlights of the TIA IS-99, TIA IS-636, and the TIA IS-657 standards. In chapter 11, we focus on the management goals for PCS networks and present the requirements for PCS network management. We discuss the important aspects of the Telecommunications Management Network (TMN) architecture, which can be applied to the management of a PCS network. We conclude the chapter by presenting requirements, as defined by TMN, for five management functions: accounting management, security management, configuration management, fault management, and performance management.
As we previously noted in this preface, the wireless industry deploys various analog and digital technologies. However, mobile subscribers expect seamless operation as they traverse different cellular/PCS systems. We examine the issues of coexistence of CDMA systems with other digital and analog systems in chapter 12. We also describe the associated work on wireless intelligent networks. The wireless industry is seeking means for improving and reducing costs so that the mobile subscriber can experience better service at a reduced price. In chapter 13, we examine several approaches that address these goals. First, service providers are seeking ways to reduce administrative costs by streamlining the service activation procedures for new mobile subscribers. We discuss over-the-air service provisioning (OTASP), which supports this objective. Second, advances in digital technology will make it possible to improve the quality of speech coding at a given data rate. We present a brief discussion of the enhanced variable rate codes (EVRC), which provides better performance than the current standardized 8-kbps speech coder. Third, the wireless industry is seeking improvements to transmission schemes used for the air interface. Resulting improvements will increase the capacity of a radio channel. For mobile subscribers, this increased capacity translates to better service at a lower price. We conclude this chapter with a discussion of three separate approaches for addressing this objective: interference cancellation, multiple beam adaptive antenna arrays, and improvements of the hand-off algorithm.
We suggest material in chapters 1, 3Ð8, 11, and 12 for telecommunication managers. The practicing telecommunication engineer should study the entire book in order to become proficient in the CDMA technology. If this book is used for students with a general background in electromagnetic field theory and digital systems, we suggest using the material in chapters 1Ð12 for a one-semester course in CDMA technology.
Figures 3.1Ð3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 8.3, 8.4, 10.3, 10.5, 10.6, 10.8, 10.9, and 13.1 and Tables 3.1Ð3.5, 4.1Ð4.5, and 5.2Ð5.8 are copyrighted by the TIA and are used with permission. (To purchase the complete text of any TIA document, call Global Engineering Documents at 1-800-854-7179 or fax to 303-397-2740.) Table 9.26 is copyrighted by QUALCOMM and is used with permission. The material in chapter 9 is adapted from a Lucent Technologies Technical Education Center course and is used with permission. Some figures add tables have been adapted from our previous text and are used with permission from AT&T.
We acknowledge the many helpful suggestions we received from our reviewers, some known and some anonymous. Robert Buus, Qi Bi, Bruce McNair, Nitan Shan, and E. Lee Sneed provided useful input to help us clearly explain the CDMA concepts without overwhelming you with mathematics. We acknowledge the help of Andrew Smolick in preparing some of the tables in Chapter 9. We give special thanks to Reed Fisher, of Oki Telecom, for his many helpful discussions on the practical and theoretical aspects of CDMA and W-DMA. One of the authors (JW) is privileged to have known Reed for 25 years as a friend and colleague and describes him as "the person I go to when I have a radio question."
Finally, we acknowledge the assistance of Karen Gettman of Prentice-Hall, Inc. and the staff of BooksCraft, Inc., received during the production of this book.
Vijay Garg Ken Smolik Joe Wilkes August 1996

Edition details

• Publisher: Prentice Hall
• Publication date: 1996
• Language: English
• ISBN 10: 0135721571
• ISBN 13: 9780135721575
• Binding: Hardcover
• Number of pages: 360