How to Win the Nobel Prize: An Unexpected Life in Science - Hardcover

Bishop, J. Michael

Hardcover

ISBN 10: 0674008804 ISBN 13: 9780674008809

Publisher: Harvard University Press, 2003

Synopsis

In 1989 Michael Bishop and Harold Varmus were awarded the Nobel Prize for their discovery that normal genes under certain conditions can cause cancer. In this book, Bishop tells us how he and Varmus made their momentous discovery. More than a lively account of the making of a brilliant scientist, How to Win the Nobel Prize is also a broader narrative combining two major and intertwined strands of medical history: the long and ongoing struggles to control infectious diseases and to find and attack the causes of cancer.

Alongside his own story, that of a youthful humanist evolving into an ambivalent medical student, an accidental microbiologist, and finally a world-class researcher, Bishop gives us a fast-paced and engrossing tale of the microbe hunters. It is a narrative enlivened by vivid anecdotes about our deadliest microbial enemies--the Black Death, cholera, syphilis, tuberculosis, malaria, smallpox, HIV--and by biographical sketches of the scientists who led the fight against these scourges.

Bishop then provides an introduction for nonscientists to the molecular underpinnings of cancer and concludes with an analysis of many of today's most important science-related controversies--ranging from stem cell research to the attack on evolution to scientific misconduct. How to Win the Nobel Prize affords us the pleasure of hearing about science from a brilliant practitioner who is a humanist at heart. Bishop's perspective will be valued by anyone interested in biomedical research and in the past, present, and future of the battle against cancer.

About this title

About the Author

J. Michael Bishop, M.D., is Chancellor, University of California, San Francisco.

Reviews

Neither the title nor the subtitle of this book adequately reflects its true aim. Michael Bishop (Figure), who with Harold Varmus received the Nobel prize in 1989 for their discovery of oncogenes, is convinced that current difficulties in relations between science and society -- exemplified by the controversies over evolution and the use of embryonic stem cells for regenerative medicine -- result from the public's ignorance of the nature of science and scientists. He feels that showing that scientists are "supremely human," with both strengths and weaknesses, is the best way to reconcile science and society. In his book, Bishop aims to achieve this goal by means of three approaches, corresponding to distinct chapters. First, he recaps major advances in the understanding and treatment of infectious disease and cancer. Second, he describes many instances over the past 20 years in which scientists and the lay public or politicians have found themselves in opposition, and he traces the origins of these misunderstandings. Finally, the book presents Bishop's personal testimony as a way to demonstrate the human side of science. On the whole, the book is a success. It has a vivid tone and is stuffed with anecdotes embroidering the historical descriptions. Bishop's defense of teaching as a natural complement to research and discovery and the account of his personal contribution to "lobbying for science" with the establishment of relations between scientific leaders and the government are probably the most seductive elements of the book, particularly because some problems in the past resulted in part from the ignorance and disdain expressed by scientists for policymakers and politicians. Perhaps the best demonstration of the supremely human nature of scientists lies in Bishop's description of how difficult it is to be a Nobel Prize winner and to resist the temptation of seeing yourself as different and as "having risen over pedestrians" as a result of being awarded the prize. General readers will appreciate this book, but scientists and specialists in the history of science are likely to be frustrated by its overly aseptic presentation, which is too consensual and does not tackle current scientific controversies. Why, for instance, does Bishop end the chapter on the fight against infectious diseases with penicillin? Events have moved on considerably since the discovery of antibiotics, and this book would have benefited from a description of emerging infectious diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Comments about the failure to develop vaccines against malaria or AIDS and the successful development of protease-inhibitor treatments for AIDS as emblematic of a new age of chemotherapy, in which drugs are designed on the basis of precise information about the structure of their targets, would have been welcome. Paradoxically, the least satisfactory part of the book is the author's description of the discovery of oncogenes. All the technical, conceptual, and even personal difficulties encountered by the principals in this research are swept under the carpet. The joint direction of scientific research, though the pattern for Bishop and Varmus, is a rather uncommon experience and deserves more detailed consideration. The contributions of other groups to the "oncogene paradigm" are also dealt with too briefly. This book lacks the element of surprise and contains too few new perspectives about scientific discoveries and the obstacles overcome along the way that scientific autobiography generally affords. Michel Morange, Ph.D.
Copyright © 2003 Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved. The New England Journal of Medicine is a registered trademark of the MMS.

Despite his book's encouraging title, Bishop-who won a Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1989-cautions that "I have not written an instruction manual for pursuit of the prize." Instead, he has written an amiable reflection on the experience of being a Nobelist, intertwined with some history and anecdotes about the award, and balanced by a wide-ranging review of his own career as an "accidental scientist"-his transformation from small-town boy who, when a college professor suggested he apply to Harvard for medical school, said, "Where is that?" to successful and celebrated microbiologist studying viruses and eventually cancer cells (the work that won him the Nobel). Along the way, Bishop reflects on the history of our knowledge of microbes, cancer, the politics of funding research and present-day disenchantment with science. His main purpose in writing this book, Bishop says, is to show that "scientists are supremely human"-which he does with grace and charm.
Copyright 2003 Reed Business Information, Inc.

Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.

http://www.hup.harvard.edu/pdf/BISHOW_excerpt.pdf

Edition details

• Publisher: Harvard University Press
• Publication date: 2003
• Language: English
• ISBN 10: 0674008804
• ISBN 13: 9780674008809
• Binding: Hardcover
• Edition number: 1
• Number of pages: 288