This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1918 Excerpt: ... lime to silica remains the same, through a wide range of variations in the alumina, at the same time not forgetting that alumina exerts a powerful influence, particularly within a certain range, on the viscosity and the melting point of the slag, and therefore has a profound effect on the thermal equilibrium of the furnace. We can go further and say that the ratio of lime to silica is itself almost a constant one for best results, varying from about 1.3 lime to 1 silica for foundry irons, to 1.5 lime to 1 silica on basic irons, Bessemer lying between these two with a ratio of about 1.4:1. Given these facts, and leaving out of consideration for the moment the phosphorus question, the calculation of a burden for given ores becomes very simple. We have only to calculate the amount of silica brought in with the charge and to be carried out as slag, and then determine the amount of limestone which will give us the necessary ratio of lime to silica in the slag for the kind of iron we desire to make. There are, however, some precautions to be taken here. First of all, of course, is the fact that silica and alumina are brought in not only by t he ore, but also, to some extent, by the fuel and the limestone, and that the amounts brought in by these must be taken care of exactly the same as that brought in by the ore. On the other hand, a fact of much importance in rich ores is that the silicon in the iron comes from the silica of the charge, and that, therefore, the quantity of silica to be fluxed is correspondingly reduced Take for instance the case of a charcoal furnace with a 60 per cent. ore carrying 5 per cent. silica, and disregard for our present purpose the small amount of silica in the limestone and fuel. Counting 0.95 units of Fe for a unit of pig iron we...
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