Items related to The European Campaign: Its Origins and Conduct
Synopsis
As the world is moving rapidly into the 21st century, some might ask, why another history and analysis of World War II’s European Campaign? After all, historians have continuously studied the war and the European Campaign since it ended in 1945. Why should one look back to a time and conflict from the industrial age when terrorism and insurgency are so prevalent today? These questions become increasingly relevant if contemporary military challenges are considered. In particular, during the last 2 decades, America’s wars have been limited to short wars against second-rate powers, failed states and, most recently, insurgencies. Since 1945, there has not been another World War II-type conflict. U.S. military forces developed war plans, trained, and designed equipment for such a situation for decades during the Cold War and continuing up to today, but we have never used them. The only wars this nation has waged since 1945 have been conflicts against regional powers that had global implications, but are nowhere near the magnitude of the events of 1941 to 1945. These recent conflicts are hardly comparable to World War II in terms of the scope, stakes, and demands placed on the U.S. military, the economy, and the population. Thus, does yet another study on World War II have any relevance, or is it merely an interesting “fun” read for history buffs or students of past military operations? The authors contend that despite the passage of time and the absence of major worldwide conflicts comparable to World War II, additional studies of this momentous war still have relevance, particularly to a student of military affairs and strategy. For example, World War II is a classic example of nations developing well-formulated goals, objectives, and strategies to achieve those objectives. More importantly, World War II illustrated how great powers adapted to a changing strategic environment. Formulating America’s objectives and developing strategies to achieve them was a formidable task for a nation that had spent the interwar period wrapped in a shroud of isolation and economic desolation. Faced by multiple major- power adversaries, the nation’s leadership had a difficult task in preparing for war. The primary concern for American politicians was domestic politics. In this regard, World War II offers many significant insights not only for today’s leaders, but for those in the future. Even evaluating World War II military strategy is a formidable task, at least without some type of analytical framework. One framework to analyze the strategy of that period is to use a simple model formulated by Colonel (Ret) Arthur F. Lykke, Jr. Lykke is a former U.S. Army War College faculty member who believed that military strategy should include three main elements: ends, ways, and means.1 Each element of this model affected the other two. Lykke illustrated his approach by using a three-legged stool with each leg representing an element, either the ends, ways, or means. The challenge for a strategist is to keep these three legs in equilibrium so that the stool will sit up-right. The three-legged stool, like a strategy, should be balanced. Two factors influence the end or strategic objectives for a nation: ways, or courses of action; and the means or the resources like people, funds, and materials. For example, a dearth of means could alter the ways a nation could use its military and may cause the ends of the strategy to be at risk. Without the necessary balance between the elements (or legs), military strategy, like the stool in Lykke's illustration, could become unbalanced and possibly fail.
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About the Author
SAMUEL J. NEWLAND is a faculty member in the Department of Military Studies at Washburn University and a lecturer at the University of Kansas. Prior to accepting these positions, he was a faculty member at the U.S. Army War College for 20 years and he also served as a strategic research analyst at the Strategic Studies Institute. In 2005, Dr. Newland served as a visiting Professor at the George C. Marshall Institute in Garmisch, Germany. Dr. Newland is a modern military historian, to include the 20th century American experience, and a modern German historian. He is the author of numerous publications on military history to include two books on the history of the Pennsylvania Militia and National Guard, a book entitled Cossacks in the German Army, 1941-1945, and the author of the lead chapter in the commemorative volume, The D-Day Companion. Dr. Newland holds a B.A. from Evan-gel College, an M.A. from Pittsburg State University, an M.Phil. and a Ph.D. from the University of Kansas. He is also a graduate of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College and the U.S. Army War College. CLAYTON K. S. CHUN is the Chair of the Depart-ment of Distance Education at the U.S. Army War College located at Carlisle Barracks, PA. Before assuming his current duties, he was Professor of Economics at the College. Dr. Chun completed a full career in the U.S. Air Force with assignments to missile, space, acquisi-tion, education, strategy development, and command positions. He has written articles and books dealing with issues related to national security, military his-tory, and economics. He held the Army War College’s General Hoyt Vandenberg Chair of Aerospace Studies. Dr. Chun has a B.S. in business from the University of California, Berkeley, an M.A. in economics from the University of California, Santa Barbara, an M.S. in systems management from the University of Southern California, and a Ph.D. in public policy analysis from the RAND Graduate School.
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- PublisherCreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform
- Publication date2011
- ISBN 10 1463689993
- ISBN 13 9781463689995
- BindingPaperback
- Edition number1
- Number of pages466
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