The Long Summer : How Climate Changed Civilization - Softcover

Brian-fagan

Softcover

ISBN 10: 1862077517 ISBN 13: 9781862077515

Publisher: Granta Books, 2005

Synopsis

The Earth's climate has always been in glacial periods and warm ones have slowly and relentlessly alternated for millennia. But the period of global warming of the last 15,000 years is without precedent, and it set the conditions which enabled civilization to arise. It is our 'long summer'. From the almost unimaginably hostile climate of the late Ice to the onset of 'Little Ice Age', which began in 1315 and lasted half a millennium, this book tells the remarkable story of how human history has been influenced by the planet's ever-changing climate. Brian Fagan deploys all the resources of the new climatology to reveal the complex interplay between human development and the weather. He shows that human beings have proved themselves to be at their most resilient and adaptable when the Earth's volatile climate has posed the greatest severe droughts in southwestern Asia, the drying of the Sahara brought cattle people to the Nile Valley with their distinctive ideas of leadership, and the ripple effects of the Medieval Warm Period had very different and profound impacts in Europe and the Americas. Confronted with such challenges, our ancestors time and again rose to meet

About this title

Review

A professor of anthropology by training, Fagan traces the effects of climactic change on civilizations over the past 15,000 years--a period of prolonged global warning that has only accelerated over the past 150 years. In particular, he's interested in how civilizations have responded to, or been radically altered by, changes in environment. One of Fagan's most compelling examples is his detailed history of the city of Ur, in what is now modern-day Iraq. Once a great city in one of the world's earliest civilizations, it first thrived thanks to abundant rainfall and then suffered even more severely when the Indian Ocean monsoons shifted southward, changing rain patterns. By 2000 B.C. its agricultural economy had collapsed, and today it is an abandoned landscape, an assemblage of decaying shrines in the harshest of deserts. Fagan views this event as pivotal. It was, he writes, "the first time an entire city disintegrated in the face of environmental catastrophe." But not, Fagan notes, the last. In his epilogue, which covers the last 800 years of human history, Fagan explores the climatic upheavals that left 20 million dead in famine-related epidemics in the 19th century. He notes that today 200 million people barely survive on marginal agricultural land in places such as northeastern Brazil, Ethiopia, and the Saharan Sahel. If temperatures rise much above current levels, and rising seas flood coastal plains, the devastation could dwarf any disaster humankind has previously known. Fagan doesn't offer easy solutions, but he presents a compelling history of climate's role in the background--and sometimes foreground--of human history. --Keith Moerer

About the Author

A former Guggenheim Fellow, Brian Fagan is Emeritus Professor of Anthropology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He edited the Oxford Companion to Archaeology and his other books include The Little Ice Age and Floods, Famines, and Emperors. He lives in Santa Barbara.

Edition details

• Publisher: Granta Books
• Publication date: 2005
• Language: English
• ISBN 10: 1862077517
• ISBN 13: 9781862077515
• Binding: Paperback