The Idea of Progress traces how Western society came to embrace the idea that human life can improve through knowledge and reform. This historical inquiry surveys the origin and growth of progress as a guiding force in politics, philosophy, and culture, from early thinkers to modern optimism. It asks how the hope for better futures reshaped ideas about liberty, democracy, science, and happiness.
With clarity and restraint, the book follows key debates and figures that shaped the idea of progress. It examines how Enlightenment thinkers, reformers, and historians argued that social improvement depended on knowledge, institutions, and shared aims—while acknowledging the limits and criticisms that have accompanied such faith.
- How the concept of progress emerged in different eras and cultures.
- Why progress was linked to happiness, peace, and the improvement of human life.
- Connections between philosophy, history, and political reform in shaping modern civilization.
- Warnings and critiques that accompanied the rise of progress as a central idea.
Ideal for readers of intellectual history, philosophy of history, and political thought who want a concise, historical grounding in how progress became a defining idea of modern life.
At the time of original publication in 1921, J. B. Bury was Regius Professor of Modern History, and Fellow of King's College, in the University of Cambridge, and was a profound scholar and a philosophic thinker.