With the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 the United States became responsible for the administration of some 125,000 Indians in addition to those already within the national boundaries. The new tribes included many peoples known only to traders and trappers who had ventured into the trackless stretches of the West. This book considers the hundred-year record of federal relations with these Indians.
The first two decades of United States control are seen as a period of large-scale humanitarian purpose, flawed in many cases by racial prejudice, official corruption, or outright cruelty and abuse. New policies, under Ulysses S. Grant, and an awakening of public conscience in the 1870s and 1880s brought a second major period, characterized by the system of reservations.
Later chapters of the book deal with twentieth-century changes, particularly with agents, schools, and medical services, all carefully analyzed by the author, who was a member of the Meriam Commission in 1926–27. The record reveals in realistic detail the problems of the government and the tenacity of the tribes in resisting white settlement and retaining their own culture and way of life.
Edward Everett Dale has written nine books in the fields of western history, among the best known of which are The Range Cattle Industry, A History of Oklahoma, and Frontier Trails. His interest in the American Indian is of long standing. Aside from his study of Indian history, particularly that of the Five Civilized Tribes, he spent a year in field work among the tribes of the United States as a member of the Indian Survey Staff of the Brookings Institution. Mr. Dale is a graduate of the University of Oklahoma, and his A.M. and Ph.D. degrees are from Harvard, where he studied under Frederick Jackson Turner. He is now professor and head of the Department of History in the University of Oklahoma.
