AP Chemistry (REA) (Advanced Placement (AP) Test Preparation) - Softcover

Reel, Kevin R.; Dumas, P. E.; Fikar, R. M.; Samples, J. W.; Templin, Jay M.; Uhland, W. C.

Softcover

ISBN 10: 0738604275 ISBN 13: 9780738604275

Publisher: Research & Education Association, 2008

Synopsis

 

REA Real review, Real practice, Real results.

 

Get the college credits you deserve.

 

AP CHEMISTRY, 10th Edition

Completely aligned with today’s AP exam

 

Are you prepared to excel on the AP exam? 

* Set up a study schedule by following our results-driven timeline

* Take the first practice test to discover what you know and what you

   should know

* Use REA's advice to ready yourself for proper study and success

 

Practice for real

* Create the closest experience to test-day conditions with 6 full-length practice tests

* Chart your progress with full and detailed explanations of all answers

* Boost your confidence with test-taking strategies and experienced advice

 

Sharpen your knowledge and skills

* The book’s full review features coverage of all AP Chemistry main topic areas, such as solutions, stoichiometry, kinetics, and thermodynamics, as well as all subject areas found on the official exam, including the structure of matter, the states of matter, chemical reactions, and descriptive chemistry.

* Smart and friendly lessons reinforce necessary skills

* Key tutorials enhance specific abilities needed on the test

* Targeted drills increase comprehension and help organize study

 

Ideal for Classroom, Family, or Solo Test Preparation!

 

REA has provided advanced preparation for generations of advanced students who have excelled on important tests and in life. REA’s AP study guides are teacher-recommended and written by experts who have mastered the course and the test.

 

 

About this title

Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.:

EXCELLING ON THE AP CHEMISTRY EXAM

 

ABOUT THIS BOOK

 

This book provides a thorough review for the Advanced Placement (AP) Chemistry Examination written in a way that high school students will readily grasp and appreciate. REA’s mission is to translate chemistry into terms the student can understand and benefit from.

Six full-length practice exams are included to get you ready for the actual exam. Use them, along with the detailed explanations of answers, to help determine your strengths and weaknesses, and to prepare you to score well on exam day.

ABOUT THE EXAMINATION

 

The Advanced Placement Chemistry Examination is offered each May at participating schools and testing centers throughout the world. The Advanced Placement Program is designed to allow high school students to pursue college-level studies while attending high school. Participating colleges, in turn, grant credit and/or advanced placement to students who do well on the examinations.

 

The Advanced Placement Chemistry course is designed to be the equivalent of a college introductory chemistry course, often taken by chemistry majors in their first year of college. Since the test covers a broad range of topics, no student is expected to answer all of the questions correctly. (Consequently, it is important for students to not feel defeated when confronting a question that appears unanswerable.)

 

The AP Chemistry exam is divided into two sections. The first section is composed of 75 multiple-choice questions designed to test recall of a broad range of concepts and calculations. The score students earn on the multiple-choice test composes 50% of the total score. Calculators are not permitted on the multiple-choice portion of the exam, although simple arithmetic may be needed to answer some questions.

 

The second section is a free-response exam and constitutes the other 50% of the final grade. Calculators are allowed on Part A, during which the student has 55 minutes to complete three problems. Calculators are not allowed on Part B, during which students have 40 minutes to complete chemical reaction questions and two essay questions. Most hand-held calculators are allowed in the examination. However, calculators with

typewriter-style (QWERTY) keypads are not allowed. If you are unsure if your calculator is permitted, check with your teachers or Educational Testing Service.

 

A detailed outline of the topics on the examination and specific strategies for both portions of the Advanced Placement Chemistry examination follows.

 

DETAILED OUTLINE OF THE EXAMINATION

The following is an outline of the general breadth of topics that the College Board identifies as being on the AP Chemistry Examination.

 

I. Structure of Matter (20% of the AP test)

A. Atomic theory and structure

1. Evidence for atomic theory

2. Atomic mass

3. Atomic number, mass number, isotopes

4. Electron energy levels, quantum numbers, atomic orbitals

5. Periodic relationships: atomic radii, ionization energy, electron affinity, oxidation states.

B. Chemical Bonding

1. Binding forces

a. Types of forces: ionic, covalent, network covalent, metallic,

hydrogen bonding, van der Waals.

b. Relationships to states, structure, and properties of matter.

c. Polarity of bonds, electronegativities.

2. Molecular Models

a. Lewis structures

b. Hybridization of orbitals, resonance, sigma and pi

bonds.

c. VSEPR (valence shell electron pair repulsion)

3. Geometry of molecules and ions, structural isomerism of simple organic molecules and coordination compounds; dipole moments of molecules, relation of properties to structure.

C. Nuclear chemistry: nuclear equations, half-lives, and radioactivity; chemical applications.

 

II. States of Matter (20% of the AP test)

A. Gases

1. Laws of ideal gases

a. Equation of state for an ideal gas

b. Partial pressures

2. Kinetic-molecular theory

a. Interpretation of ideal gas laws on the basis of theory

b. Avogadro’s hypothesis and the mole concept

c. Dependence of kinetic energy on temperature

d. Deviations in the ideal gas laws

B. Liquids and Solids

1. Liquids and solids from the kinetic-molecular viewpoint

2. Phase diagrams

3. Changes of state, including critical points and triple points

4. Structure of solids; lattice energies

C. Solutions

1. Types of solutions and factors affecting solubility

2. Methods of expressing concentration

3. Raoult’s law and colligative properties; osmosis

4. Behavior of non-ideal solutions

 

III. Reactions (35-40% of the AP test)

A. Reaction types

1. Acid-base reactions, concepts of Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, and Lewis; coordination complexes, amphoterism.

2. Precipitation reactions

3. Oxidation-reduction reactions

a. Oxidation number

b. The role of the electron in oxidation-reduction

c. Electrochemistry: electrolytic and galvanic cells; Faraday’s laws; standard half-cell potentials; Nernst equation; prediction of the direction of redox reactions

B. Stoichiometry

1. Ionic and molecular species present in chemical systems; net ionic reactions

2. Balancing of equations, including oxidation-reduction reactions

3. Mass and volume relations with emphasis on the mole concept, including empirical formulas and limiting reactants

C. Equilibrium

1. Concept of dynamic equilibrium, physical and chemical; Le Chatelier’s principle; equilibrium constants

2. Quantitative treatment

a. Equilibrium constants for gaseous reactions: Kp, Kc

b. Equilibrium constants for reactions in solution

i. Constants for acids and bases; pK; pH

ii. Solubility product constants and their application to

precipitation and dissolution of slightly soluble compounds

iii. Common ion effect; buffers; hydrolysis

D. Kinetics

1. Concept of reaction rate

2. Use of experimental data and graphical analysis to determine reaction order, rate constants, and rate laws

3. Effect of temperature on reaction rates

4. Energy of activation; the role of catalysts

5. Relationship between the rate-determining step and mechanism of reaction

E. Thermodynamics

1. State functions

2. First law: change in enthalpy; heat of formation; heat of reaction; Hess’s law; heats of vaporization and fusion; calorimetry

3. Second law: entropy; free energy of formation; free energy of reaction; dependence of change in free energy of enthalpy and entropy changes

4. Relationship between change in free energy, equilibrium constants, and electrode potentials

IV. Descriptive Chemistry (10-15% of the AP test)

A. Chemical reactivity and products of chemical reactions

B. Relationships in the periodic table; horizontal, vertical, and diagonal with examples of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, and the first series of transition metals

C. Introduction to organic chemistry: hydrocarbons and functional groups (stru...

About this edition

• Publisher: Research & Education Association
• Publication date: 2008
• ISBN 10: 0738604275
• ISBN 13: 9780738604275
• Binding: Paperback
• Number of pages: 500