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We are not aware of any other signed quotation of ?Finest Hour? in private hands, making this extremely rare if not unique?"The 'finest hour' quotation document has special meaning not only to the British people, but also to all the rest of the free world . [it] serves as a reminder that freedom is not free without the blood, sweat and tears of its citizenry," writes presidential descendant Massee McKinleyWinston Churchill took over as prime minister on May 10, 1940, the day the Germans invaded the Low Countries and France. He faced grim prospects, as the Germans were a juggernaut that seemed unstoppable. They had already captured Poland, Czechoslovakia, Denmark and had invaded Norway. In France, the German military employed a "lightning war" strategy (Blitzkrieg), using fast-moving, mechanized infantry and dive bombers to overwhelm Allied forces. They pushed deep into France and quickly reached the English Channel, trapping British and French forces. The overall Allied position in France became unsustainable, and the British began a major evacuation from Dunkirk in late May, with all the British soldiers being evacuated by June 4. Italy joined the war as an ally of the Germans on June 10. The Germans occupied Paris unopposed on June 14, causing enormous consternation in Britain. After the flight of the French government and the collapse of the French Army, German commanders met with French officials on June 18 to negotiate an end to hostilities. Losing its chief ally on the continent, Britain was in a desperate situation. It knew that "whole fury and might" of the foe would soon be directed at them. France would formally surrender to Nazi Germany on June 22.It was the voice and confidence of Winston Churchill that pulled the British people through the fire and on to ultimate victory. As philosopher and historian Isaiah Berlin said, "So hypnotic was the force of his word, so strong his faith, that by the sheer intensity of his eloquence he bound his spell (upon the British people) until it seemed to them that he was indeed speaking what was in their hearts and minds. Doubtless it was there, but largely dormant until he had awakened it within them."His wartime speeches were legendary. On May 13, 1940, newly ensconced in office, Churchill had told the British public that he had nothing to offer ?but blood, tears, toil, and sweat.? On the 19th, he called upon the people to be ?men of valor,? and added that ?conquer we must, as conquer we shall.? On June 4, in the wake of Dunkirk, he said, ?We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our Island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender.? This was a moving speech and did much to encourage the British people.On June 18, 1940, came Churchill?s masterpiece, his most important speech, when he attempted to lift up Britain following the fall of France. At the moment of great apparent danger to British national survival, he spoke of endurance and of noble causes for which Britain was fighting (freedom, civilization, the rights of small nations), and appealed for this to be Britain?s ?finest hour? Here is the conclusion of that famous speech: ?What General Weygand called the Battle of France is over. I expect that the Battle of Britain is about to begin. Upon this battle depends the survival of Christian civilization. Upon it depends our own British life, and the long continuity of our institutions and our Empire. The whole fury and might of the enemy must very soon be turned on us. Hitler knows that he will have to break us in this Island or lose the war. If we can stand up to him, all Europe may be free and the life of the world may move forward into broad, sunlit uplands. But if we fail, then the w.
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