Rivers of Blood, Rivers of Gold: Europe's Conquest of Indigenous Peoples - Hardcover

Cocker, Mark

Hardcover

ISBN 10: 0802116663 ISBN 13: 9780802116666

Publisher: Grove Pr, 2000

Synopsis

The tragic history of conflict between Europeans and indigenous peoples is laid bare in this fascinating book, which spans the globe from Mexico to Australia to Africa to show the deliterious effects of the European colonial sweep.

About this title

Review:

This account of the brutalities of European colonialism concentrates on four episodes--the destruction of the Aztecs, the exterminations of the Tasmanians and the Herero, and the cowing of the Apache. Starting with the general statement that the expansion of European Christian civilization has been at the expense of tribal peoples throughout the world, who were seen as either objects for exploitation or study or as simply surplus, Mark Cocker argues that the pattern was set by the encounter with the Aztecs--Spaniards hot from the reconquista were not in the mood to be tolerant of blood-sacrificing cannibals, no matter how urbane and sophisticated. Poorer peoples such as the Tasmanians and the Herero he sees as simply victims; only the Apache made the whole process so costly that they became heroes to their conquerors. Some of this is special pleading; Cocker neglects the role of disease and sometimes talks as if Europeans were uniquely bad--compared to, say, Genghis Khan?--and his concentration on selected case studies ignores the issues raised by more complex cases such as India or the Maori. Nonetheless, it is a terrifying indictment of atrocities all the worse for the sanctimonious efficiency with which they were carried out. --Roz Kaveney, Amazon.co.uk

From the Inside Flap:

The past five centuries have witnessed a shocking series of confrontations between European nations and millions of indigenous peoples--encounters that resonate strongly to this day. Focusing on four such collisions around the world, Rivers of Blood, Rivers of Gold illuminates the true global impact of imperialism.

Starting with the Spanish invasion of Mexico, Cocker shows how Hernando Cortes used political manipulation and outright deception to subdue the Aztecs in the sixteenth century. Nearly three hundred years later, in 1803, the British took possession of Tasmania and established a penal colony. Conflicts over white expansion developed into an all-out war that eventually led to a truce and relocation of the Aborigines, whose population dwindled quickly until no full-blooded tribesmen were left alive.

The next confrontation that Cocker explores is the Apaches resistance to American expansion. Constantly reneging on its promises, the U.S. government forced Apaches onto reservations, where they were ruthlessly exploited by corrupt business interests. In the 1880s, not long after the Apaches succumbed, German officials managed to establish control in South West Africa, manipulating local tribes and then brutally suppressing a series of revolts in an outburst of genocidal fury.

These encounters were often harrowing, and Cocker sustains a riveting narrative while simultaneously providing a new analysis that adds greatly to previous histories of imperialism. He brings to light the high rates of indigenous population decline, often underestimated by previous histories. Cocker also shows how the Europeans in each instance used similar rationalizations to justify their actions, providing a fascinating look at the psychology behind imperialism and its many atrocities. By comparing such geographically diverse encounters, he enables the reader to grasp the fundamental experiences and trends that underlay colonial expansion.

Even as he reveals this history of disturbing acts, however, Cocker resists the easy truths that Westerners were complete villains. He demonstrates, for example, that intertribal conflicts often led natives to support the Western forces against their enemies, and that many indigenous people carried out similarly brutal atrocities against their tribal enemies.

Cocker's sense of balance makes his indictment of imperialism all the more persuasive; his book is a significant contribution to our understanding of the subject. This is narrative history in its most impressive form--engaging, accessible, and stimulating.

"Cocker has written a book on a broad subject, the kind that professional historians too rarely produce.... Rivers of Blood, Rivers of Gold is a heroic attempt at an appreciation (or, really, depreciation) of the European invasion of lands outside Eurasia and the subjugation of their peoples in the last 500 years."--Los Angeles Times

"Cocker points out some interesting features in common among these stories of conquest.... [He] also points out how, despite those revealing flashes of enthusiasm for 'extermination,' the language of historians and colonial officials often masked the genocides."--Washington Post

"A deeply felt, widely researched, and powerful indictment of the heart of darkness in past European imperialism."--The Times (London)

"Eloquent and harrowing.... A powerful book, communicating its fierce indignation without recourse to polemic."--The Sunday Times (London)

"A beguiling, significant, and in some ways groundbreaking book."--Literary Review

"This eloquently written and well-researched book serves as a necessary corrective to triumphalist and evasive histories of the rise of the West."--The Guardian

"Cocker makes a strong case that the unleashing of terror, torture, slavery and even genocide was not so much an aberration as a pattern, consistently obscured through five centuries by biased historiography and spurious legal rituals.... [A] vivid map of the hell into which people can so easily descend when they have the ideology, means and opportunity."--Times Literary Supple

About this edition

• Publisher: Grove Pr
• Publication date: 2000
• ISBN 10: 0802116663
• ISBN 13: 9780802116666
• Binding: Hardcover
• Edition number: 1
• Number of pages: 416