Heisenberg, Werner and Wolfgang Pauli (8 results)

Condition: New. Die Erkenntnisse der Quantenphysiker im 20. Jahrhundert haben unsere Weltsicht revolutioniert. Ploetzlich schien das Unmoegliche machbar. Erst nach und nach wird uns bewusst, wie stark diese Erkenntnisse das Weltbild veraendern, nach dem wir unser Leben ausric.

Hardcover. Condition: Very Good. No Jacket. 1st Edition. Viii, 221 Pp. Red Cloth, Gilt. Ownership Signature Of Physicist H. A. Kramers Of Leiden, Dated Jan 1929, And With Several Pages Of Finely Written Formulae And Notes, One Page Dated "11/4/27 Ii". Small, Probably Original Bookseller's Label (Berlin). Bookplate Of Kramer's Assistant At The Univ. Of Leiden, Physicist Jan Korringa.

Hardcover. Condition: Near Fine. Dust Jacket Condition: Near Fine. 1st Edition. Vii, 195 Pp. Green Cloth Stamped In Silver. First Printing, 1955, Stated On Copyright Page. Very Slight Usage, Lettering Brilliant. In The Gray Card Dust Jacket With W. Pauli, Short Title, And Publisher's Information Printed On Spine Panel, Slight Wear But Lettering Weak.

Berlin, Julius Springer, 1929 u. 1930. Bound in 2 contemp. uniform hcloth. Spine ends a bit worn, cloth broken on fronthinge to vol. 56. (binding not loose). In: "Zeitschrift für Physik. Herausgegeben von Karl Scheel", 56. und 59. Band. VII,867 pp. u. VII,874 pp. (2 entire volumes offered). Heisenberg & Pauli's paper: pp. 1-61 a. pp. 168-190. Internally clean. First appearance of these two papers of seminal importence as Heisenberg and Pauli here laid the foundation, by using a new method, for the quantum field theory, and gave the "relativistic formulation of quantum electrodynamics in the presence off charges and currents"(Pais). They were the first to attempt a general formulation of quantum electrodynamics by setting up a general scheme for the quantization of fields which they hoped would be applicable to the Maxwell field.In the papers they also introduced what is today called "gauge fixing", which from then on are among the precious tools of field theory."Heisenberg and Pauli thus established the basic structure of QFT which can be found in any introduction to QFT up to the present day" (Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy).

Berlin, Julius Springer, 1929 u. 1930. Bound in 2 contemp. uniform hcloth over marbled boards. A stamp to top of titlepages. Gilt lettering to spine. In: "Zeitschrift für Physik. Herausgegeben von Karl Scheel", 56. und 59. Band. VII,867 pp. u. VII,874 pp. (2 entire volumes offered). Heisenberg & Pauli's paper: pp. 1-61 a. pp. 168-190. Internally clean and fine. First appearance of these two papers of seminal importence as Heisenberg and Pauli here laid the foundation , by using a new method, for the quantum field theory, and gave the "relativistic formulation of quantum electrodynamics in the presence off charges and currents"(Pais). They were the first to attempt a general formulation of quantum electrodynamics by setting up a general scheme for the quantization of fields which they hoped would be applicable to the Maxwell field.In the papers they also introduced what is today called "gauge fixing", which from then on are among the precious tools of field theory."Heisenberg and Pauli thus established the basic structure of QFT which can be found in any introduction to QFT up to the present day" (Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy).

Hardcover. First editions, first printings. THE FOUNDATIONS OF QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS. First edition, journal issues in original printed wrappers, of this two-part paper which represents the "formal invention of quantum electrodynamics [QED]" (Miller, p. xiii). "Three years before the discovery of the positron Heisenberg and Pauli - in two papers 'Zur Quantenmechanik der Wellenfelder' and 'Zur Quantenmechanik der Wellenfelder II' of 29 March and 7 September 1929, respectively - took a decisive step forward to develop a consistent theory of quantum electrodynamics" (Mehra & Milton, p. 186). "This extremely technical and mathematical branch of quantum physics, the foundations of which were laid by Heisenberg, Dirac, Pauli, Jordan, and their colleagues during the late 1920s and early 1930s, continues to this day with much the same program and approach . . . [Heisenberg was] a leading member of the small band of abstract theorists who established the program and laid the foundations of relativistic quantum field theory as it has been pursued ever since" (Cassidy, p. 276). This paper - the only one that Heisenberg and Pauli co-authored - attempted to establish "a consistent extension of the quantum formalism that would yield a satisfactory unification of quantum mechanics and relativity theory . . . In 1929, drawing upon the work of Dirac, Jordan, Oskar Klein, and others, Heisenberg and Pauli succeeded in formulating a general gauge-invariant relativistic quantum field theory by treating particles and fields as separate entities interacting through the intermediaries of field quanta. The formalism led to the creation of a relativistic quantum electrodynamics, equivalent to that developed by Dirac, which, despite its puzzling negative energy states, seemed satisfactory at low energies and small orders of interaction. But at high energies, where particles approach closer than their radii, the interaction energy diverges to infinity. Even at rest, a lone electron interacting with its own field seemed to possess an infinite self-energy" (DSB, under Heisenberg). "Heisenberg and Pauli were well aware of the shortcomings of their theory: the divergence difficulties and the problem of negative energies for the electron. However, the importance of the Heisenberg-Pauli theory cannot be exaggerated; it opened the road to a general theory of quantized fields and thereby prepared the tools, albeit not perfect ones, for the Pauli-Fermi theory of beta-decay and for the meson theories" (Mehra & Milton, p. 188). The divergence problems were not resolved until the late 1940s, with the advent of the renormalization techniques of Feynman, Schwinger and Tomonaga. "Soon after reading the manuscript of Dirac's QED paper ['The quantum theory of the emission and absorption of radiation,' Proceedings of the Royal Society A114 (1927), pp. 243-265], Pauli embarked on a program to construct his own version of quantum electrodynamics, one in which [unlike in Dirac's theory] the relativistic-invariance-covariance would be apparent and the relation to Maxwell theory manifest. He evidently outlined his proposal in a letter to Heisenberg that is no longer extant. In February 1927 Heisenberg countered: 'I agree very much with your program concerning electrodynamics, but not quite concerning the analogy, quantum wave-mechanics: classical mechanics = quantum electrodynamics : classical Maxwell theory. That one must quantize the Maxwell equations to get light quanta and so on à la Dirac, I believe already; but perhaps the de Broglie waves will later also have to be quantized in order to obtain charge and mass and statistics (!!) of electrons and nuclei.' Pauli and Heisenberg evidently disagreed about what had to be quantized. Heisenberg accepted [Pascual] Jordan's viewpoint and was prepared to quantize all wave fields - including matter waves. Pauli, on the other hand, was ready to quantize only the electromagnetic field. With that in mind he studied the mathematics of functionals that Vito Volterra had elaborated. On March 12, 1927, Pauli wrote Jordan: 'I believe that I now have the essential understanding of the Hamilton-Jacobi theory of Maxwell's equations. My principal source is a (French) book by P. Levy, Leçons d'analyse fonctionelle, Paris, 1922. We will thus see whether I can erect a quantum electrodynamics. For the present I am in good spirits.' In late March 1927 Pauli sent Bohr a note to inform him that 'at the moment I am much occupied with quantum electrodynamics . I have written briefly to Heisenberg about my general foundational standpoint about quantum electrodynamics and would very much like to hear from him . (I dare not ask you what your opinion is).' A few days later Pauli received a letter from Heisenberg asking him a couple of things about his 'Program': 'I am in full agreement with the foundations of your program that [the electromagnetic field variables] are not c[ommuting] fields, but are q fields, and that they must satisfy commutation rules that express this fact. But .' "And so began the collaboration between Heisenberg and Pauli that eventually resulted in two important papers, 'On the quantum dynamics of wave fields,' that were published in February and September 1929 [sic]. In them a general method for quantizing any field is presented . "Pauli outlined the scheme in a letter to [Oskar] Klein in mid-February 1929 and included in his letter some of the conclusions Heisenberg and he had reached: The theory contains divergences stemming from the self-energy of the charged particles; The matter field can seemingly be quantized so as to obey either Fermi or Bose statistics; The theory introduces three kinds of fields: the electromagnetic field, the matter field describing electrons, and the matter field describing protons. "The first of the two lengthy papers Heisenberg and Pauli wrote on the quantum theory of wave fields was received by Zeitschrift für Physik on March 19, 1929. Although their correspondence reflects a pessimistic assessment of t.

Berlin, Julius Springer, 1925-26. Bound in 4 nearly uniform contemp. hcloth. Edges a little rubbed. Stamp on title-pages. In "Zeitschrift für Physik. Hrsg. von Karl Scheel", Vols 33,34,35 and 36. VII,950"VII,953VIII,954"VII,951 pp. The offered papers: pp. 879-893 (vol.33), pp. 858-888 (vol.34), pp.557-615 (vol.35) and pp.336-363 (vol. 36). Internally fine and clean. First printings of these four absolutely fundamental papers, which together MARK THE TURNING POINT IN THE FABRICATION OF A NEW PHYSICS, Quantum Mechanics, also called "Matrix Mechanics"."In May 1925, Heisenberg took on a new and difficult problem, the calculation of the line intensities of the hydrogen spectrum. Just as he had done with Kramers and Bohr, Heisenberg began with a Fourier analysis of the electron orbits. When the hydrogen orbit proved too difficult, he turned to the anharmonic oscillator. With a new multiplication rule relating the amplitudes and frequencies of the Fourier components to observed quantities, Heisenberg succeeded in quantizing the equations of motion for this system in close analogy with the classical equations of motion.in June Heisenberg returned to Göttingen, where he drafted his fundamental paper [the first paper offered], which he completed in July. In this paper Heisenberg proclaimed that the quantum mechanics of atoms should contain only relations between experimentally observable quantities. The resulting formalism served as the starting point for the new quantum mechanics, based, as Heisenberg's multiplication rule implied, on the manipulation of ordered sets of data forming a mathematical matrix.Born and his assistant, Pascual Jordan, quickly developed the mathematical content of Heisenberg's work into a consistent theory with the help of abstract matrix algebra [the second paper offered].Their work, in collaboration with Heisenberg, culminated in their "three-man paper" ["Dreimännerarbeit" - the third paper offered] that served as the foundation of matrix mechanics. Confident of the correctness of the new theory, Heisenberg, Pauli, Born, Dirac, and others began applying the difficult mathematical formalism to the solution of lingering problems." (DSB).In the last paper offered, the Pauli-paper, he shows that the hydrogen spectrum can be derived from the new theory. His starting-point constitutes, due to Lez, a method for integrating the classical equations of motion of a particle in a Coulomb field. Pauli's paper was received on January 17, 1926, but the main result must have been obtained before November 3, 1925, for on that date, Heisenberg writes Pauli: ".Ich brauche Ihnen wohl nicht zu schreiben, wie sehr ich mich über die neue Theorie des Wasserstoffs freue." Pauli's paper convinced most physicists that Quantum Mechanics is correct. (Van der Waerden).

Heisenberg, Werner (1901-76) and Wolfgang Pauli (1900-1958). (1) Zur Quantendynamik der Wellenfelder. Offprint from Zeitschrift für Physik 56 (1929). 61pp. 231 x 160 mm. Original printed wrappers, spine split. (2) Zur Quantentheorie der Wellenfelder. II. Offprint from Zeitschrift für Physik 59 (1930). 168-190pp. 231 x 160 mm. Original printed wrappers, spine repaired with clear tape. Together 2 items. Small mark from paper clip on wrappers of no. (1), small tear in front wrapper of no. (2), but very good. First Editions, Offprint Issues. Heisenberg and Pauli's two-part paper contains the first full-fledged relativistic quantum field theory, representing the "formal invention of quantum electrodynamics" (Miller, Early Quantum Electrodynamics: A Source Book, p. xiii). "This extremely technical and mathematical branch of quantum physics, the foundations of which were laid by Heisenberg, Dirac, Pauli, Jordan, and their colleagues during the late 1920s and early 1930s, continues to this day with much the same program and approach . . . [Heisenberg was] a leading member of the small band of abstract theorists who established the program and laid the foundations of relativistic quantum field theory as it has been pursued ever since" (Cassidy, Uncertainty: The Life and Science of Werner Heisenberg, p. 276). In this paperâ "the only one that Heisenberg and Pauli co-authoredâ "the two physicists attempted to establish "a consistent extension of the quantum formalism that would yield a satisfactory unification of quantum mechanics and relativity theory . . . In 1929, drawing upon the work of Dirac, Jordan, Oskar Klein, and others, Heisenberg and Pauli succeeded in formulating a general gauge-invariant relativistic quantum field theory by treating particles and fields as separate entities interacting through the intermediaries of field quanta. The formalism led to the creation of a relativistic quantum electrodynamics, equivalent to that developed by Dirac, which, despite its puzzling negative energy states, seemed satisfactory at low energies and small orders of interaction. But at high energies, where particles approach closer than their radii, the interaction energy diverges to infinity. Even at rest, a lone electron interacting with its own field seemed to possess an infinite self-energy . . . Attention was directed to the resolution of such difficulties for more than two decades" (Dictionary of Scientific Biography). Mehra & Rechenberg, The Historical Development of Quantum Theory, 6, pp. 312-26. .