Spectrophotometry: Accurate Measurement of Optical Properties of Materials (Volume 46) (Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences, Volume 46) - Hardcover

Hardcover

ISBN 10: 0123860229 ISBN 13: 9780123860224

Publisher: Academic Press, 2014

Synopsis

This volume is an essential handbook for anyone interested in performing the most accurate spectrophotometric or other optical property of materials measurements. The chapter authors were chosen from the leading experts in their respective fields and provide their wisdom and experience in measurements of reflectance, transmittance, absorptance, emittance, diffuse scattering, color, and fluorescence. The book provides the reader with the theoretical underpinning to the methods, the practical issues encountered in real measurements, and numerous examples of important applications.

• Written by the leading international experts from industry, government, and academia
• Written as a handbook, with in depth discussion of the topics
• Focus on making the most accurate and reproducible measurements
• Many practical applications and examples

About this title

About the Authors

Thomas A. Germer received a B.A. in physics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1985. In 1992, he received a Ph.D. in physics from Cornell University in the field of surface electron spectroscopies and surface photochemistry. An interest in optics at surfaces led him to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), where he held a postdoctoral associateship from 1992 to 1995, performing research in picosecond and femtosecond time-resolved measurements of surface chemical and physical dynamics. He joined the NIST staff as a physicist in the 1995. Since then, he has led the NIST program on light scattering and diffraction from surfaces. His work has earned him the Department of Commerce Bronze and Silver awards, The NIST Chapter of Sigma Xi Young Scientist Award, and Fellow of the SPIE, and he has served as a topical editor for Applied Optics. He has published over 100 articles and has been granted two patents. He developed the SCATMECH library of scattering codes.

Joanne Zwinkels was a Principal Research Officer at the National Research Council of Canada (NRC), retired since February 2020. She is actively involved in international standardization activities and served more than a decade as the NRC representative to the Consultative Committee of Photometry and Radiometry (CCPR), Chair of the Strategic Planning Working Group of CCPR, and International Convenor of ISO TC6/WG3.

From 1993 until 2023 Benjamin Tsai worked as a physical scientist at NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) with research projects including the spectral irradiance scale, rapid thermal processing of semiconductor devices, heat flux, skin reflectance, UV exposure of reflectance standards, and photometry (measurement assurance program and research for luminous flux of LEDs).

From the Back Cover

When we are asked to inspect a piece of material, it is our natural inclination to view it by holding it up to a light. The interaction of the light with the material gives us an overall impression of its quality. Our vision is also inherently multispectral, by providing color discrimination on a relatively high spatial resolution. Binocular vision, by allowing us to view the object from multiple directions simultaneously, gives us an ability to perform rudimentary tomography. The spectral, spatial, and directional properties permit us to identify materials, characterize topography, and observe defects, without ever coming into contact with the object. It is not surprising, then, that we seek to make measurements of optical properties of materials in order to better quantify what our own eyes sense qualitatively. What is surprising is how difficult it is to make meaningful, reliable measurements!

Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the spectral reflectance, transmittance, absorptance/emittance, scattering, and fluorescence properties of materials and has an impact on a wide field of science and technology. The design and performance of optical instruments, ranging from low cost cell-phone cameras to high cost microlithography projection tools and satellite telescopes, requires knowledge of the optical properties of the components, such as their refractive index, roughness, and subsurface scatter, and absorptivity. The pharmaceutical and chemical industries use optical absorption and fluorescence measurements to quantify concentration, required for accurate dosing and elimination of contaminants. Global climate change simulations require accurate knowledge of the optical properties of materials, gases, and aerosols to calculate the net energy balance of our planet. The properties of thin films, even when they are not intended for optical applications, are often related to their optical reflection, transmission, and scattering properties. Commercial products are often selected by consumers based upon appearance, a complex attribute that encompasses more specific terms, such as color, gloss, and texture. Renewed interest in solar energy has driven the need to maximize the light capture efficiency of solar collectors.

This book is intended to be a hands-on text for those seeking to perform precise and accurate spectrophotometry of the optical properties of materials. The editors have taught courses on this topic at their respective institutes, and have been frustrated by the lack of suitable textbooks. It is our aim to present material that helps the practitioner set up and optimize the spectrophotometer to perform these various measurements, validate the instrument performance, and be aware of the various sources of errors that can impact the results. While we will outline some of the theory of spectrophotometry in an introductory chapter, this text will emphasize the practical aspects of obtaining accurate measurements

Edition details

• Publisher: Academic Press
• Publication date: 2014
• Language: English
• ISBN 10: 0123860229
• ISBN 13: 9780123860224
• Binding: Hardcover
• Edition number: 1
• Number of pages: 560
• Editor: Germer Thomas A., Zwinkels Joanne C., Tsai Benjamin K.