The Writer’s World addresses the diverse needs of your students by meeting the needs of nonnative English speakers, visual learners and students with varying skill levels!
Now, The Writer's World addresses the diverse needs of instructors! Prentice Hall is proud to offer The Writer’s World: Paragraphs and Essays in four individual volumes. Developed to provide maximum flexibility for both instructors and students, the volumes were created directly from the pages of The Writer’s World: Paragraphs and Essays by Lynne Gaetz and Suneeti Phadke.
Volume two, The Writer's World: Paragraph Patterns and the Essay, gives students a solid overview of the patterns of development. It also covers the parts of the essay and explains how students can apply the nine patterns of development to essay writing. Volume two may be used as a stand alone item or in conjunction with any of the other volumes.
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Every chapter concludes with “The Chapter in Brief,” “Terms to Remember,” “Suggested Reading,” and “Websites of Interest.”
1. Through the Lens of Science.
The Social Sciences.
The Social World Seen through the Lens of Science.
The Scientific Method.
Concepts.
Theories.
Research.
Steps of the Scientific Method.
The Scientific Spirit: Skepticism, Objectivity, Relativity.
The Social Science Disciplines.
Anthropology.
Economics.
Geography.
History.
Political Science.
Psychology.
Sociology.
Research Methods in the Social Sciences.
Box 1.1 Fur or Nakedness, Tools or Diet?
Box 1.2 Psychology: How Much of a Science?
Box 1.3 Consilience.
Sample Survey.
The Case Study.
Participant Observation.
The Experiment.
Statistical Analysis.
The Scientific Method in the Social Sciences.
2. In the Beginning . . .
Box 2.1 An Astrophysicist Views the Cosmos.
The Beginnings of Life.
Box 2.2 Creating Life.
The Emergence of the Theory of Evolution.
A Revolution in Thought: Darwin and His Theory.
Natural Selection.
The Role of Heredity.
Genetics.
Population Genetics: Factors for Change.
Box 2.3 Human Evolution Designed by Humans.
Box 2.4 Evolution: Theory or Fact?
The Lo ng Trek: Human Evolution.
Split Between Chimpanzee and Human Lines.
Box 2.5 From Fossil to Fossil.
The Road to Homo Sapiens.
Homo Sapiens: Modern Humans.
Agriculture: Cultivation and Domestication.
The Evolution of Human Nature.
Biological Foundations.
Box 2.6 Using Biology to Interpret History.
3. Culture: Product and Guide to Life in Society.
Culture: Concept and Importance.
Biological Predispositions to Culture.
The Birth of Culture.
Cultural Evolution and Sociobiology.
What, Then, Is Culture?
The Symbolic Nature of Culture.
The Necessity of Sharing Symbols.
Language: The Most Important System of Symbols.
Does Language Create Reality?
The Content of Culture.
Material Culture.
Nonmaterial Culture.
The Components of Nonmaterial Culture: Cognitive and Normative.
The Normative System.
Box 3.1 Contradictory American Values.
Categories of Norms: Folkways, Mores, Taboos, and Laws.
The Need for Social Control.
Box 3.2 From Folkways to Laws.
Overt and Covert, Real and Ideal Norms.
Traits, Complexes, and Institutions.
Pivotal Institutions.
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativity.
Cultural Differences and Universals.
Box 3.3 African Genital Rite.
Subcultures and Countercultures.
4. Group Interaction: From Two to Millions.
How Is the Social System Organized and Structured?
Elements of Social Structure: Statuses and Roles.
Statuses: Ascribed and Achieved.
The Multiplicity of Statuses and Roles.
Real and Ideal Roles.
Conflict, Strain and Confusion in Roles.
Groups.
Group Size.
Primary and Secondary Groups.
Additional Classification of Groups.
Box 4.1 Being Tall in the Land of the Small.
Society.
Classification of Societies.
Classification According to Chief Mode of Subsistence.
Box 4.2 A Glimpse into the Human Past.
Industrial Societies.
Classification According to Social Organization.
Interaction and Social Processes.
Box 4.3 If Baboons Can Do It, Why Can’t Humans?
Formal Organizations.
Formal Organizations and Institutions Distinguished.
Characteristics of Formal Organizations.
Types of Formal Organization.
Bureaucracy.
The Informal Side of Bureaucracy.
5. Becoming a Person: The Birth of Personality.
Box 5.1 The Isolated and/or Feral Child.
Personality.
A Social Product on a Biological Basis.
Heredity and Environment.
Becoming Human: Socialization.
Goals and Functions of Socialization.
Theories of Socialization.
The Looking-Glass Self: Cooley.
The Self in Society: Mead.
Box 5.2 You Are Who They Say You Are.
The Self and the Unconscious: Freud.
The Transitional Self: Erikson.
Developmental Theories: Piaget.
Moral Development: Kohlberg.
Agents of Socialization.
The Family.
Box 5.3 The Maternal Bond: Its Impact on Personality.
The School.
The Peer Group.
The Media.
Occupational Groups.
Reverse Socialization.
Resocialization.
Socialization through the Life Cycle.
Childhood.
Adolescence.
Adulthood.
Old Age.
Some Conclusions.
6. Deviance and Criminality: The Need for Social Control.
Deviance.
The Relative Nature of Deviance.
Functions of Deviance.
Explaining Deviance.
Biological Explanations.
Box 6.1 Why Are Humans Killers?
Psychological Explanations.
Mental Disorders.
Treatment of Mental Disorders.
Deviance as Seen from a Sociological Perspective.
Social Integration and Anomie.
Cultural Transmission (Differential Association).
Labeling Theory.
Crime: Deviance that Hurts.
Box 6.2What Contributes to Crime? How to Prevent It?
Classification of Crimes .
Social Order Crimes or Crimes Against Morality.
Whitecollar Crime.
Organized Crime.
Crime Statistics: How Much Crime, and Who Commits It?
The Criminal Justice System.
Imprisonment.
Recidivism.
What Price Punishment?
The Death Penalty.
7. The Great Divide: Ranking and Stratification.
Social Differentiation, Ranking, and Stratification.
Stratification.
Theoretical Views on Stratification.
StructuralFunctional Perspective.
Conflict Perspective.
Dimensions of Stratification: Class, Status, and Power.
Class.
Status.
Power.
Box 7.1 American Royalty.
Systems of Stratification.
The Closed Society: Caste.
The Estate System.
The Open Society: Class System.
Box 7.2 Class Status, and Power in America.
Determining Social Class.
Socioeconomic Status.
Social Classes in the United States.
The Upper Classes.
The Middle Class.
The Working Class.
The Poor.
The Ghetto Poor.
The Homeless.
Box 7.3 The Growth of Inequality.
Box 7.4 Welfare: Are We Our Brothers’ Keepers?
Social Class and its Consequences.
Family Life.
Child Rearing.
Education.
Religion.
Politics.
Health.
Arrest and Conviction.
Values.
Social Mobility.
The Upwardly Mobile: Who Are They?
Social Mobility in the United States.
Global Inequality.
Box 7.4 World Hunger.
8. Minority Status : Race and Ethnicity.
Majority - Minority Relations: Defining the Terms.
Common Characteristics of Minorities.
The Making of Pluralist Society.
Ideologies Regarding the Treatment of Minorities.
Majority and Minorities: Processes of Coexistence.
In the Way: Obstacles to Pluralism.
Prejudice.
Box 8.1 Hate: Prejudice and Discrimination Among Castes in India.
Why Are We Prejudiced?
Discrimination.
Racism.
Racial Minorities .
Native Americans.
Asian Americans.
African Americans....
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