World Inventory of Plutonium and Highly Enriched Uranium, 1992 (SIPRI Monograph Series) - Hardcover

Albright, David; Berkhout, Frans; Walker, William

Hardcover

ISBN 10: 0198291531 ISBN 13: 9780198291534

Publisher: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 1993

Synopsis

Plutonium and highly enriched uranium (HEU) were first introduced fifty years ago. In the Manhattan project the amounts separated were measured in kilograms, enough for the first atomic bombs. Today there are about 1000 tons of plutonium and 1300 tons of HEU in existence, the result of the great expansion of nuclear weapon and nuclear power programmes in recent decades. Controlling and disposing of these vast quantities is now one of the most serious challenges facing the international community.

Despite the great significance of plutonium and HEU for international security and nuclear commerce, there are no international statistics on these materials. Information on them is generally classified in countries possessing or trying to acquire nuclear weapons, and holders of civil materials only give information to safeguards agencies on condition that it remains confidential. This book fills the gap. It provides for the first time a comprehensive and authoritative assessment of the amounts of plutonium and HEU in military and civilian programmes, country by country.

World Inventory of Plutonium and Highly Enriched Uranium 1992 is based on knowledge of how nuclear reactors, reprocessing and enrichment plants have been operated around the world. Step by step, it explains how civil and military nuclear programmes have been run, which technologies and facilities have been used, and what has happened to the materials produced by them. It details the huge amounts of plutonium and HEU that will be extracted from dismantled weapons as the United States and the former Soviet Union reduce their nuclear arsenals, and the equally large amounts of plutonium that will be separated from civil fuels in Britain, France, Japan and Russia if reprocessing plans are implemented. It also contains the most thorough examination yet of the efforts by Iraq, Israel, Pakistan, India and a few other countries to acquire the materials needed to build nuclear weapons. And throughout, the book points out the main uncertainties over the quantities and whereabouts of these vital materials.

The book ends by stressing the need to end the over-supply of civil plutonium and to develop plans for disposing of surplus stocks of both plutonium and HEU. Much of the plutonium will have to be treated as a waste, while the HEU can be diluted and used as nuclear fuel. It also calls on the international community to end the secrecy surrounding these materials. The United Nations should publish annual statistics on every country's holdings of plutonium and HEU, including materials in nuclear weapon states.

About this title

About the Author

David Albright is at the Institute for Science and International Security, Washington DC. William Walker is a Science Policy Research Unit at the University of Sussex.

Review

"A timely and very useful tool...The first report that has been published with so broad a scope....This is a first-class new reference work for professionals in the field and is, at the same time, quite accessible to lay readers interested in a fuller understanding of the facts."--Arms Control Today

"This volume provides the only comprehensive assessment of how much plutonium and highly enriched uranium--the basic ingredients of nuclear weapons--exists in the world today, and where and in which form they are to be found. Given the crucial importance of this information for global security, the World Inventory is essential reading for all interested in international affairs and an indispensable reference book for researchers."--Nature

"The authors have compiled the best estimates of current stockpiles that seem possible--and they are as meticulous in making clear what they do not know as they are in reporting how they arrived at the figures they present....In a remarkable roundup, the authors do their best to reconcile their own estimates with figures reported under the safeguards regime. In addition they make valuable estimates of nuclear materials held by de facto nuclear states."--The BUlletin of the Atomic Scientists

Edition details

• Publisher: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
• Publication date: 1993
• ISBN 10: 0198291531
• ISBN 13: 9780198291534
• Binding: Hardcover
• Language: English
• Number of pages: 272