New Testament Greek Syntax Laminated Sheet (Zondervan Get an A! Study Guides) - Softcover

Wallace, Daniel B.

9780310292081: New Testament Greek Syntax Laminated Sheet (Zondervan Get an A! Study Guides)

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ISBN 10: 0310292085 ISBN 13: 9780310292081

Publisher: Zondervan Academic, 2009

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This summary laminated sheet of Greek Grammar beyond the Basics and Basics of New Testament Syntax is perfect for students to review categories of uses and look over possibilities when doing exegesis of the New Testament.

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About the Author

Daniel B. Wallace (PhD, Dallas Theological Seminary) is professor of New Testament at Dallas Theological Seminary. He is a noted textual critic, serving as head of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts, and is author of Greek Grammar beyond the Basics, Basics of New Testament Syntax, and (with Grant Edwards) of A Workbook for New Testament Syntax.

From the Back Cover

Excerpt. � Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.

NEW TESTAMENT GREEK SYNTAX

By Daniel B. Wallace

Zondervan

Copyright � 2009 Daniel B. Wallace
All right reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-310-29208-1

Chapter One

Nouns and Nominals

The Cases

Nominative Case

Specific designation 1. Subject: subj of finite vb

2. Predicate Nominative: refers to same person or thing as subj

3. Simple Apposition: 2 adjacent substantives that refer to same thing/person

4. Nominative Absolute: in introductory material (not sentences)

5. Nominativus Pendens: logical rather than syntactical subj at beg. of sentence

6. Parenthetic Nominative: subj of explanatory clause within another clause

7. Nominative for Vocative: nom of address

Vocative Case

Direct address (and exclamation)

1. Simple Address: without

2. Emphatic Address: w.

3. Exclamation: exclamation w. no gram. connection

Genitive Case

Qualification (and separation)

1. Descriptive: characterized by, described by

2. Possessive: belonging to, possessed by

3. Genitive of Relationship: indicates family relationship

4. Partitive ("Wholative"): which is a part of

5. Attributive: specifies an attribute or innate quality of head substantive; convert gen into attributive adj 6. Attributed: semantically opposite of attributive gen; convert head noun into adj modifying gen noun

7. Content: full of, containing

8. Simple Apposition: gen substantive adjacent to another gen substantive, referring to same thing/person; namely, which is

9. Genitive of Apposition (Epexegetical): states a specific example of which head noun names a category; namely, which is

10. Separation: related to vbs; out of, away from, from

11. Source: related to nouns; out of, derived from, dependent on, "sourced in"

12. Comparative: after comparative adj; than

13. Subjective: functions as subj of verbal idea implicit in head noun

14. Objective: functions as dir obj of verbal idea implicit in head noun

15. Time: kind of time; within which, during which

16. Association: in association with

17. Direct Object: esp after vbs of sensation, emotion/volition, sharing, ruling

18. After Certain Prepositions: see Prepositions below

Dative Case

Personal interest, reference, position, and means

1. Indirect Object: that to or for which action of transitive vb is performed; to, for

2. Dative of Interest:

A. Advantage: for the benefit of, in the interest of

B. Disadvantage: for/unto the detriment of, to the disadvantage of, against

3. Reference/Respect: with reference to

4. Simple Apposition: adjacent to another dat substantive, referring to same thing/person

5. Sphere: in the sphere of

6. Time: usu. a point in time

7. Association/Accompaniment: in association with

8. Means/Instrument: by means of, with

9. Cause: because of, on the basis of

10. Direct Object: often involving personal relationship

11. After Certain Prepositions: see Prepositions below

Accusative Case

Extent or limitation

1. Direct Object: immediate obj of action of transitive vb

2. Double Accusatives:

A. Person-Thing: certain vbs (e.g., teaching, anointing, asking) take 2 direct objs., one a person & the other a thing

B. Object-Complement: one acc is obj, the other its complement; equivalent to subj-pred nom

3. Subject of Infinitive: acc of ref that functions like subj of inf ('I want you to know')

4. Simple Apposition: adjacent to another acc substantive, referring to same thing/person

5. Accusative of Measure (of extent of space or time): for the extent of, for the duration of (rare w. space, common w. time)

6. After Certain Prepositions: see Prepositions below

The Article

Essentially a conceptualizer; commonly used as identifier

AS A PRONOUN ([partially] Independent use) 1. Personal: functions as 3rd pers pron in nom case in [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] ... [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] constructions

2. Relative: who is, which is (art. w. 2nd & 3rd attrib positions in which modifier is not an adj)

WITH SUBSTANTIVES (Dependent or Modifying use)

Individualizing

1. Simple Identification: distinguishes one individual from another

2. Anaphoric (Previous Reference): points out something mentioned earlier in the text, by way of reminder

3. Deictic ("Pointing" Article): points out obj or person which/who is present at moment of speaking; demonstrative force; this

4. Par Excellence: substantive is "in a class by itself"

5. Monadic: identifies "one-of-a-kind" noun

6. Well-Known ("Familiar" Article): well known, but for reasons other than the above categories

7. Abstract (or Article with Abstract nouns): identifies quality or abstract concept (e.g., love, salvation, peace, faith); art. is rarely used in translation

Generic (Categorical Article)

Distinguishes one class from another

AS A SUBSTANTIVER

Turns another part of speech into substantive (e.g., adverbs, adjs, ptcpls, infs, gen word or phrase, prep phrase, particles, finite vbs, clauses, statements, quotations)

AS A FUNCTION MARKER

Often has semantic force as well (see above categories)

1. Denotes Adjectival Positions esp 2nd & 3rd attrib positions

2. With Possessive Pronouns

3. In Genitive Phrases: used w. both head noun & gen noun

4. With Indeclinable nouns: to indicate case of noun

5. With Participles: to denote substantival or adj ptcpls

6. With Demonstratives: a demonstrative in pred position to an articular noun has an attrib relation; demonstratives do not modify anarth. nouns

7. With nominative Substantives: to denote subj

8. Distinguishes Subject from Predicate nominative, and Object from Complement: art. w. the former substantive (subj or obj)

9. With the Infinitive: to denote various functions (see Infinitive below)

ABSENCE OF THE ARTICLE

Indefinite

Refers to one member of a class, without specifying which member; lacks referential identity

Qualitative

Stresses quality, nature, or essence; focuses on class traits

Definite

Stresses individual identity; has unique referential identity

1. Proper Names: def. w. or without art.

2. Object of Preposition: obj can be def., qualitative, or indef.

3. With Ordinal Numbers: number specifies amount of substantive, making it def.

4. Predicate Nominative: if pred nom precedes copula, it may be def.

5. Complement in Obj-Comp Construction: if complement precedes obj, it may be def.

6. Monadic Nouns: one-of-a-kind nouns do not need art. to be def.

7. Abstract Nouns: love, joy, peace, etc. are often anarth., but not indef.

8. Genitive Construction (Apollonius' Corollary): anarth. head noun w. anarth. gen noun: both usu. have same semantic force (usu. def. or qualitative)

9. With Pronominal Adjective: nouns w. [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII], etc. do not need art. to be def., for either the class as a whole ("all") or distributively ("every") is being specified

10. Generic nouns: the whole class is in view

SPECIAL USES AND NON-USES OF THE ARTICLE

Anarthrous Pre-verbal Predicate nominative (Involving Colwell's Rule)

A def. pred nom that precedes vb is usu. anarth.; the converse is not true: anarth. pre-verbal pred noms are usu. qualitative

The Article with Multiple Substantives Connected by (Granville Sharp Rule and Related Constructions)

1. Statement of the Rule: both substantives (nouns, ptcpls, adjs) refer to same person in the art.-substantive-[TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]-substantive (TSKS) construction when both are personal, singular, & not proper names

2. TSKS Constructions Involving Impersonal, Plural, & Proper Nouns

A. Proper Names: always distinct individuals

B. Plural Personal Constructions: distinct, identical, or overlapping (noun + noun [not equal to] identical; ptcpl + ptcpl = identical)

3. Impersonal Constructions: distinct, overlapping, identical (identical is quite rare)

Adjectives

"NON-ADJECTIVAL USES"

1. Adverbial Use: usually reserved for special terms

2. Substantival Use: usually articular

ADJECTIVAL USES

Positive, Comparative, and Superlative Forms

1. Positive: can be used for positive (normal use), implicit comparison between 2 substantives (comparative), or implicit comparison between 3 or more substantives (superlative) 2. Comparative: explicit comparison between 2; adj followed by gen or [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (normal use); comparative for superlative; comparative for elative (translate: very + positive form of adj; no comparison is made)

3. Superlative: the extreme in comparison of 3 or more; superlative for elative (translate: very + positive form of adj); superlative for comparative (only 2 compared; frequent w. [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII], rare w. other terms)

D. [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]: as a result of this E. [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]: for this reason F. [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]: how?

G. [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]: after this

3. Asyndeton (no formal introduction): used for emphasis, solemnity, or rhetorical value

DEPENDENT CLAUSES

Clause that is subordinate to another clause

1. Four basic structures: infinitival clause, participial clause, conjunctive clause, relative clause

2. Three broad syntactical functions: substantival clause, adjectival clause, adverbial clause

CONJUNCTIONS

Word that connects words, clauses, sentences, or paragraphs

Logical Conjunctions

Express logical relationships between connected ideas; usu. coordinate conjunctions

1. Ascensive: [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII], (even)

2. Connective: [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII], (and, also)

3. Contrastive (Adversative): [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII], (but, rather, however)

4. Correlative: [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (on the one hand ... on the other hand); [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (both ... and); [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (neither ... nor); [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (neither ... nor); [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] or [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (not ... but); [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (not ... ever); [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (once ... now); [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (as ... so; not only ... but also); [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (either ... or)

5. Disjunctive (Alternative): [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (or)

6. Emphatic: [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (certainly), [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (certainly not, by no means); [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (certainly); other conjunctions: [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]

7. Explanatory: [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (after vb of emotion), [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (for, you see, that is, namely)

8. Inferential: [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (therefore)

9. Transitional: [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (now, then)

Adverbial Conjunctions

Amplify verbal idea; usu. subordinate conjunctions

1. Causal: [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (because, since)

2. Comparative: [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] and (just as, in the same way, thus)

3. Conditional: [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (if)

4. Local: [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (where, from where, the place which)

5. Purpose: positive purpose: [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]; negative purpose: [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (in order that, with the goal that, that)

6. Result: [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII], (that, so that, with the result that)

7. Temporal: positive: [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]; negative: [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII],

Substantival Conjunctions

Introduces noun content clause or epexegetical clause

1. Content: [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]: introduces subj, pred nom, dir obj, or appos clause (that, untranslated)

2. Epexegetical: [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII], (that)

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

An "if-then" (protasis-apodosis) clause

1. First Class: assumption of truth (for the sake of argument)

2. Second Class (contrary to fact): assumption of untruth (for the sake of argument)

3. Third Class: presents condition as uncertain of fulfillment, but still likely

4. Fourth Class (less probable future): indicates possible condition in the future, usu. a remote possibility

VOLITIONAL CLAUSES

Commands

1. Future Indicative (Cohortative Indicative, Imperatival Future)

2. Aorist Imperative: ingressive, constative

3. Present Imperative: ingressive-progressive, customary, iterative

Prohibitions

1. Future Indicative + [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] or sometimes [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] 2. Aorist Subjunctive + [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]

3. Present Imperative + [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]

(Continues...)

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