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Q> Your novel is told in multiple voices, achieving a layered effect not unlike a chorus. Did you choose consciously to write in various points of view initially, or did your story develop over time and lead you there instead?
I don't outline a story in advance because I find I become too controlling and the story becomes too processed. When I began Staircase,I started with the voice of Harif and the day he envisioned his mother's death. As the story developed, I began to hear quite distinctly the voices of Faridah and Jammana, so I began writing their sections as well. I understood fairly early on that all three of them had something separate to say, although the order in which they spill out their stories didn't become clear until later in the process. I belong to a great writers' group and their input also helped me re-envision aspects of the story even as I was writing it.
Q> How is writing a novel different from writing journalism? Is it difficult to switch between the two?
As a journalist I worked hard to keep myself out of the copy. In order to witness violence and cruelty, interview victims and survivors, work in dangerous situations and report on it all professionally, I formed a kind of outer stoicism, like a scab, that led to an inner stoicism. When I sat down to write a novel, I had to reopen those emotional valves because all these characters who are not me still must be informed by me. At certain points I completely let go of the idea of plot in the traditional sense, and focused solely on the emotional lives of my characters. Switching between journalism and fiction writing is difficult for me primarily because when I'm working on a fiction manuscript it absorbs all my spare energy, and the same is true of journalism.
Q> You returned to Israel and the West Bank last fall. Why? Has life in Israel and the West Bank changed since last fall?
I went back to do research for the manuscript I am currently working on. I decided to go the day the Israeli soldiers were lynched in Ramallah and the Israeli Air Force carried out retaliatory raids. I knew rage on both sides was at a high level and would hang there for a while, and that's what I wanted to experience. So I telephoned a longtime photographer friend. I reached her on her cell phone just as she was driving out of Ramallah with her film and she agreed to let me crash at her home. Once there, I went out with her and other colleagues into the West Bank during protests, funerals, rallies. I felt exhilarated and depressed at once. I felt afraid a couple times. I spent some time away from the trouble spots with both Israeli and Palestinian friends, sharing food and talk. I tried to absorb everything and I think it has deepened the project I'm working on now.
Q> Your novel is non-political yet set in a highly divided and political region of our world. Why did you choose to emphasize story and narrative here rather than write a political book?
Often in the Middle East, place is seen as a problem. Bloody conflicts arise from competing claims on the land. But beneath the violence and politics lie magic, history, passion. This is the land where Adam is said to be buried, where Abraham walked with the sons of his old age, and where a woman, if she looks over her shoulder at the wrong moment, can be turned to stone. The characters in Staircase, I felt, had to live in a place as timeless as water, and play out their stories largely apart from the obscuring fog of politics.
Q> What are you working on now?
A novel manuscript, also set in the Middle East but in current time. The main character is a journalist. Its working title is Lust of the Eye, which is a phrase from the Bible but also alludes to a news reporter's determination to see everything in order to do her job. In part, it's about how news reporters and photographers can become addicted to risk. How the drug of danger and near-misses can offer an escape from the painful or mundane parts of their lives, and make them feel more alive.
Q> Much of your novel depicts gender conflict in Arab society. Since the novel is set in 1967, do you feel your portrayal, while accurately reflecting society at the time, is no longer true to contemporary gender relations?
If only! Gender conflict is a constant - in modern societies like ours as well as more traditional ones. In that part of the world, sure, some women and men are trying to defy tradition - just as the characters do in Staircase - and sometimes they succeed, at least partly or within their own homes. But countless others are trapped in villages with old rules, feeling alone and isolated like Rafa does in the cave, convinced that struggling against the old ways is useless or even counterproductive. In the book, the men have Moses' Finger and the women have Alula's shrine. These are invented, but reflect the reality that women still gather in traditional places to feel safe together, and men do the same.
One important divide that comes up between Jammana's parents is the issue of revenge. Women, especially mothers, often have different views from men on whether revenge is the right response to violence and loss. It's true in the book, and still true in the Middle East today.
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