Items related to The Principles Of Ethics

The Principles Of Ethics - Softcover

Herbert Spencer

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9780461361247: The Principles Of Ethics

Synopsis

The Principles Of Ethics by Herbert Spencer is a systematic, evolutionary account of moral life. Spencer develops a comprehensive theory of conduct and its consequences, tracing a progression from sub-human forms of justice found in animal life to fully developed human ethics shaped by social organization and life-history. The work distinguishes the sentiment of justice (emotional impulses to fairness, restraint, and cooperation) from the idea of justice (normative criteria distinguishing legitimate from illegitimate actions) and presents a central formula: every person is free to act so long as they do not infringe the equal freedom of others. It then derives a series of corollaries and rights—protecting life and bodily integrity, freedom of movement, access to natural resources, and property (including incorporeal property such as copyrights and patents)—and discusses gifts and bequests as natural extensions of ownership. The treatise also surveys the limits of state power, the primacy of private beneficence, and the social conditions that sustain justice. Two appendices address animal conscience and criticisms of the theory, reinforcing Spencer’s naturalistic, life-grounded approach to ethics.

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