Items related to The Development Of Metaphysics In Persia

The Development Of Metaphysics In Persia - Softcover

Muhammad Iqbal

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Synopsis

The Development Of Metaphysics In Persia by Muhammad Iqbal is a scholarly historical survey that traces the evolution of Persian metaphysical thought from ancient dualisms through Islamic philosophy to later Persian speculative movements. The work begins with pre-Islamic Persian ideas, notably Zoroastrian dualism, and proceeds through the Neo-Platonist and Aristotelian influences that entered Persia via Arabic Islam. It analyzes the Rationalist currents, such as Mutazila and Ash’ari debates, and follows the synthesis and contestation of metaphysical systems in Safavid and post-Safavid times, including Isma’ili and Sufi contributions. Throughout, Iqbal emphasizes continuity and transformation rather than mere chronicle, aiming to lay groundwork for a future history of Persian metaphysics. The study also situates philosophical developments within the religious and political milieu of the Islamic world, highlighting how metaphysical reflection intersected with religion, theology, and social thought. The book originally appeared as an inaugural dissertation in 1908 and remains a foundational historical account of Persian metaphysical thought.

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