When payable gold was discovered on the Witwatersrand in 1886, it at first appeared to be an event of good fortune, not just for the many individuals who worked in the gold fields, but also for an area that had few resources and an ailing economy. Almost immediately, resourceful diggers from around the world started arriving in Africa, many of them veterans from Australian and American gold rushes. It was a bonanza for the struggling Boer State, but not many individuals made any real profit from these vast gold fields. It proved to be a playground for big capital with the mining magnates, dubbed 'Randlords' by a critical London press, manipulating the international financial markets. Perversely this apparent good fortune was to be one of the critical factors in the descent to a war that was to devastate the country and lead to massive loss of life, much through disease racing through ill run concentration camps.
In Fuelling the Empire John J. Stephens explains how this tragedy came to happen and how it shaped the future of South Africa for many years to come.
What makes a country go to war? At what stage in that sequence of events, of action and reaction, bluff and brinkmanship does war become unavoidable? The South African War was the first large-scale human tragedy of the twentieth century - the prelude to a century that was to be characterised by such large-scale and avoidable tragedy. The cost in human, environmental and financial terms was colossal. Approximately 60,000 men women and children were killed from countries that not only included Britain and South Africa, but also France, the USA, Australia, New Zealand and Canada. Moreover, the peace terms that allowed for the continuation of discriminatory racial policies set the stage for a century of racial inequality and strife in South Africa.
In this incisive work, South African author, John Stephens, considers the slide to a war that nobody wanted. This is a story of the shaping of South Africa. It is also a universal story: one of pride, greed and fear - of humans behaving in a very human way.