Making Science: Between Nature and Society - Hardcover

Cole, Stephen

Hardcover

ISBN 10: 0674543475 ISBN 13: 9780674543478

Publisher: Harvard University Press, 1992

Synopsis

The sociology of science is dominated today by relativists who boldly argue that the content of science is not influenced by evidence from the empirical world but is instead socially constructed in the laboratory. Making Science is the first serious critique by a sociologist of the social constructivist position.

Stephen Cole begins by making a distinction between two kinds of knowledge: the core, which consists of those contributions that have passed the test of evaluation and are universally accepted as true and important, and the research frontier, which is composed of all work in progress that is still under evaluation. Of the thousands of scientific contributions made each year, only a handful end up in the core. What distinguishes those that are successful?

Agreeing with the constructivists, Cole argues that there exists no set of rules that enables scientists to certify the validity of frontier knowledge. This knowledge is “underdetermined” by the evidence, and therefore social factors―such as professional characteristics and intellectual authority―can and do play a crucial role in its evaluation. But Cole parts company with the constructivists when he asserts that it is impossible to understand which frontier knowledge wins a place in the core without first considering the cognitive characteristics of the contributions. He concludes that although the focus of scientific research, the rate of advance, and indeed the everyday making of science are influenced by social variables and processes, the content of the core of science is constrained by nature. In Making Science, Cole shows how social variables and cognitive variables interact in the evaluation of frontier knowledge.

About this title

From the Back Cover

The sociology of science is dominated today by relativists who boldly argue that the content of science is not influenced by evidence from the empirical world but is instead socially constructed in the laboratory. 'Making Science' is the first serious critique by a sociologist of the social constructivist position.

About the Author

Stephen Cole is Professor of Sociology at the State University of New York at Stony Brook.

About this edition

• Publisher: Harvard University Press
• Publication date: 1992
• ISBN 10: 0674543475
• ISBN 13: 9780674543478
• Binding: Hardcover
• Number of pages: 304