To See with a Better Eye (Princeton Legacy Library) - Hardcover

Duffin, Jacalyn

Hardcover

ISBN 10: 0691037086 ISBN 13: 9780691037080

Publisher: Princeton University Press, 1998

Synopsis

René Théophile Hyacinthe Laennec (1781-1826) is best known for his invention of the stethoscope, one of medicine's most powerful symbols. Histories, novels, and films have cloaked his life in hagiography and legend. Jacalyn Duffin's fascinating new biography relies on a vastly expanded foundation of primary source material, including thousands of pages of handwritten patient records, lecture notes, unpublished essays, and letters. She situates Laennec, the scientist and teacher, within the broader social and intellectual currents of post-Revolutionary France. Her work uncovers a complex character who participated actively in the dramatic changes of his time.

Laennec's famous Treatise on Mediate Auscultation was his only published book, but two lesser known works were left in manuscript: an early treatise on pathological anatomy and a later set of lectures on disease. The three parts of Duffin's biography correspond to these books. First, she examines Laennec's student research on the emerging science of pathological anatomy, the background for his major achievement. Second, she uses his clinical records to trace the discovery and development of "mediate auscultation" (listening through an instrument, or mediator, to sounds within the human body). The stethoscope allowed clinicians to "see" the organic alterations inside their living patients' bodies. Finally, she explores the impact of auscultation on diagnostic practice and on concepts of disease. Analyzed here for the first time in their entirety, Laennec's Collége de France lectures reveal his criticism of over-enthusiastic extrapolations of his own method at the expense of the patient's story.

Originally published in 1998.

The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

About this title

About the Author

Jacalyn Duffin holds the Hannah Chair of the History of Medicine at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. She is the author of Langstaff: A Nineteenth-Century Medical Life and is the cotranslator, with Russell C. Maulitz, of Mirko D. Grmek's History of AIDS: Emergence and Origin of a Modern Pandemic (Princeton).

From The New England Journal of Medicine

This is an era of indifference to and poverty of skill in auscultation, which is unfortunate, since many of us trained in earlier days learned to relish the challenge, stimulus, and revelations that come from auscultation of the heart, lungs, great vessels, and torso. A new biography of Laennec, the father of auscultation, may therefore seem inappropriately timed. However, the advantage of good historical writing is that no time is inappropriate, and this book is indeed welcome.

Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec was born in Brittany in 1781 into a family in modest circumstances. After the death of his mother when he was five years old, he was raised in Nantes in the home of an uncle, a doctor, who seems to have been a good surrogate parent. Laennec entered the French army as a third-class surgeon when he was only 14 and six years later moved to Paris, where he began his formal medical education. He received his medical degree at the age of 22. He was a pathologist of considerable talent, as well as a clinical practitioner. Laennec made the remarkable discovery of indirect auscultation, using at first a paper tube and later a wooden cylinder, in 1817, and the first edition of his treatise on the subject was published in 1819. This report made his reputation, although his findings and their interpretation were attacked by a few, notably by his Parisian colleague, Francois-Joseph-Victor Broussais. Laennec returned to Brittany in 1819 and finally came back to Paris in 1821, where he combined teaching and a fashionable practice with further medical writing. He died in 1826.

The author has done a good job in assembling this solid biography. She has made excellent use of primary sources in France and has described Laennec's 45 years with attention to his hospital and private patients, his lecture notes, and his professional writing, as well as his correspondence. She points to his auscultatory findings in lung diseases, including pectoriloquy, and the chief limitations of his observations on heart sounds and murmurs. Although Laennec was famous for his primary role in auscultation, Duffin does not limit her discussion to this area but also writes extensively on his early interest in pathology and his final preoccupation with the composition and function of three components of the body: a solid, a liquid, and a vital principle. The book is well put together, with many excellent illustrations, extensive notes, and a large bibliography. The dust jacket is handsome. This book reaffirms Laennec's important place in medical history.

There are a few features of the biography that are less praiseworthy. One is the title. To See with a Better Eye, although catchy, is an awkward title for the biography of the father of auscultation. I would also have liked some better descriptions -- for example, of the medical school in Paris, of Jean-Nicolas Corvisart des Marets, under whom Laennec studied, and of the Necker Hospital, where he worked. At times, like many biographers, the writer becomes so infatuated with her subject that she is unduly defensive and wordy. Finally, her style of writing is not characterized by simplicity and clarity -- for example, "As in his formulation of pulmonary signs, the decision-making criteria he imposed on this ensemble of inductive evidence expressed an inkling of statistical probability, typifying one whose existence straddled the sensualist philosophy of the late eighteenth century and the dawn of positivist thought." Yet these reservations are minor. This is a good biography and a valuable addition to the literature.

Reviewed by Oglesby Paul, M.D.
Copyright © 1998 Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved. The New England Journal of Medicine is a registered trademark of the MMS.

About this edition

• Publisher: Princeton University Press
• Publication date: 1998
• ISBN 10: 0691037086
• ISBN 13: 9780691037080
• Binding: Hardcover
• Edition number: 1
• Number of pages: 456