Chapter 1
Excelling on the AP English Language & Composition Exam
About This Book and TestWare®
This test-preparation guide, and the accompanying CD, will help you do well on the Advanced Placement Examination in English Language & Composition. You will become familiar with the requirements of the examination and be given a chance to put your mastery of the AP exam on a series of specially developed practice exams. The introductory sections of the book are devoted to explaining the test, reviewing and expanding your critical reading skills, and helping you learn how to approach writing essays and answering multiple-choice questions in the ways the AP examination will expect you to be able to do successfully.
This book provides three full-length practice exams with thorough explanations of every answer to help pinpoint your problem areas. By taking these practice exams and devoting time to going through our targeted subject review, you’ll be well prepared to succeed on the AP English Language & Composition Exam. In addition, this book includes a glossary of key literary terms with 65 entries, all fully defined.
The three practice exams are also included on the enclosed TestWare® CD. The software provides timed conditions and instantaneous, accurate scoring, which makes it all the easier to establish your strengths and weaknesses.
About the Exam
The Advanced Placement Examination in English Language & Composition is geared toward the student who has studied the mechanics of writing and rhetoric at an advanced level and wishes to pursue college credit.
Take care not to confuse the AP Examination in English Language & Composition with the AP Examination in Literature & Composition. The Literature exam focuses on literature and literary criticism, while the Language exam deals with writing as a craft. This book is designed to help you prepare for the AP Examination in English Language & Composition only.
The AP English Language & Composition Exam is divided into two sections:
• Section 1 – Multiple Choice (60 minutes—accounts for 45% of total score)
Five or six reading passages, with an average of 10 questions each.
• Section 2 – Free Response (up to 120 minutes—accounts for 55% of total score)
Three essay questions.
The first section consists of five or six reading passages and sixty multiple-choice questions, which you will have one hour to complete. Each passage will be followed by an average of ten questions, and thereafter the passage will not be referred to again. Do not feel pressured to remember each reading; just digest them one at a time and move on. After reading the passage, you will have approximately one minute to answer each question.
The second section of the AP English Language & Composition exam consists of three essay questions and is divided such that you will have forty minutes to write each essay. You will not be able to go back to an essay after the allotted time has elapsed. Note that each essay has very specific instructions, and most have a passage that you will read critically to answer the essay question. Your essays will be scored according to the essay structure, the clarity of your writing, and the extent to which you have answered the question.
Scoring the Exam
The multiple-choice section of the exam is scored by machine. Your score on this part of the exam is determined simply by adding the number of correct responses and subtracting one-quarter of a point for each wrong answer. Questions left blank do not count in any way—positive or negative—toward the score. The essay section of the examination is graded by well-trained human readers to ensure consistency. Each essay is read by more than one reader, and the scores of different readers are averaged together if they should disagree. Each essay is given a final grade from 0 to 9, and the total essay score is simply the total of these three essay scores. The maximum essay score is thus always 27, and each essay contributes equally to the essay score.
The multiple-choice section generally is weighted to account for about 45% of the total composite score, and the essay section is weighted to account for the remainder of the composite score. These weighted scores are then added together to get a composite score. These scores are broken down into ranges, and AP grades of 1 through 5 for the overall exam are assigned on the basis of the composite-score ranges. The exact composite-score ranges that correspond to each AP exam grade are adjusted slightly each year in accordance with statistical information that is gathered on the examination each year in order to keep year-to-year results as comparable as possible.
How to Use This Book and TestWare®
Read through the introductory material in chapters 1–5. The text in these chapters is designed to help you review what you’ve already learned, as well as expand your skills with some specific details and approaches to critical reading and writing that your English course may not have covered in as much detail.
After studying the review material, it is critical that you take the three full-length practice exams included on the CD that accompanies this book. By taking the practice exams on CD you will become familiar with the format and feel of the AP English Language & Composition Exam.
If possible, try to find someone to score your essays for you, perhaps a friend who is also preparing for the exam. It’s much easier to be objective about someone else’s writing than your own. In the multiple-choice section, be sure to look carefully at the explanations for each question you missed.
Remember, your goal in preparing for this exam is to score well on it. So, when you miss a question, don’t try to convince yourself how your answer is “better” than the book’s. Instead, try to see how the author of the question chose the answer that was given as the best choice. If you put yourself into the mindset of the people writing these sorts of questions, you’ll have an easier time answering them correctly and your scores will improve.
It is important to note that critical reading is a skill and that while memorization may suffice for the mastery of literary terminology, practice is your only means to master critical reading. Chapters 2 and 3 of this book have been designed to help you hone your critical reading and writing skills. Once you have practiced these skills, move on to Chapter 4, which coaches you for the format and time limits of the AP exam. If the test date is near, it may be a better idea for you to start with the coaching chapter and practice tests since they provide direct instruction for the exam format. Ideally, it’s best to use the six-week study schedule in the front of this book.
SSD Accommodations for Students with Disabilities
Many students qualify for extra time to take the AP exams. Our TestWare® can be adapted to accommodate your time extension. This allows you to practice under the same extended time accommodations that you will receive on the actual test day. To customize your TestWare® to suit the most common extensions, visit our website at www.rea.com/ssd.
How to Contact the AP Program
To obtain a registration bulletin or to learn more about the Advanced Placement Examinations, contact:
The College Board Advanced Placement Program
P.O. Box 6671
Princeton, NJ 08541-6671
Phone: (609) 771-7300
Website: www.apcentral.collegeboard.com
E-mail: apexams@info.collegeboard.org