This book presents the most up-to-date information on the complex subject of stray voltage. As defined by the USDA, stray voltage is "a difference in voltage between two surfaces that may be contacted simultaneously by an animal." When this occurs on a dairy farm, the cow acts to complete the circuit and experiences a small shock or "tingle." Research shows that stray voltage may increase cow stress and health problems, as well as decrease milk production. Sometimes, however, problems attributed to stray voltage are in fact caused by something else, and a multidisciplinary team is needed to identify the actual problem. Stray Voltage and Dairy Farms is the proceedings of an April 2003 conference held in Camp Hill, Pennsylvania. More than twenty researchers, educators, consultants, and investigators from Wisconsin, Michigan, Nebraska, New York, Arizona, Ohio, Vermont, and Canada share their latest research and experiences in this informative 408-page book. It is the only comprehensive source of research accomplished since the 1991 publication of Effects of Electrical Voltage/Current on Farm Animals: How to Detect and Remedy Problems, the most current USDA handbook on the topic. Stray Voltage and Dairy Farms includes twenty-six papers divided into eight sections. The first section presents an overview of electricity and wiring fundamentals to provide the background necessary to understand subsequent, more technical papers. Topics of the following sections are: recent research on cows and stray voltage; sources and characterizations; stray voltage investigations; instrumentation and measurement; state and utility responses; data interpretation; and prevention and mitigation. This resource will be useful not only to dairy producers and their advisors, but also to veterinarians, dairy scientists, extension educators, engineers, builders, rural electric contractors, agribusiness, utilities, public policy advisors, and milk cooperatives.
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