How the Territory Was AcquiredIn San Francisco in the early fifties, there was a house on thenortheast corner of Stockton and Washington, of considerablearchitectural pretensions for the period, which was called the"Government Boarding House."The cause of this appellation was that the California senators and theirfamilies, a member of Congress and his wife, the United States marshal,and several lesser dignitaries of the Federal Government, resided there.In those early days private mansions were few; so the boarding-houseformed the only home of the Argonauts.After the ladies retired at night, the gentlemen usually assembled inthe spacious parlor, opened a bottle of Sazerac, and discussed politics.It was known to the senators that the American minister in Mexico hadbeen instructed to negotiate a new treaty with Mexico for theacquisition of additional territory; not that there was a pressingnecessity for more land, but for reasons which will be briefly 1st. By the treaty of 1848, usually called Guadaloupe Hidalgo,[A] thegovernment of the United States had undertaken to protect the Mexicansfrom the incursions of Indians within the United States boundary, and asthis proved to be an impractical undertaking, the damages on account offailure began to assume alarming proportions, and the government of theUnited States was naturally anxious to be released from the obligation.2. The Democratic party was in the plenitude of power, and the SouthernStates were dominant in the Administration. It had been the dream ofthis element for many years to construct a railroad from the MississippiRiver to the Pacific Ocean, and the additional territory was requiredfor "a pass". It was not known at that early day that railroads could beconstructed across the Rocky Mountains at a higher latitude, and it wasfeared that snow and ice might interfere with traffic in the extremes ofwinter.The State of Texas had already given encouragement to the construction
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