The Woodland Garden: Planting in Harmony with Nature - Softcover

Forster, R.; Downie, Alex

3.83

6 ratings by Goodreads

9781552093597: The Woodland Garden: Planting in Harmony with Nature

Softcover

ISBN 10: 155209359X ISBN 13: 9781552093597

Publisher: Firefly Books, 2000

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The Woodland Garden is a valuable source of information and a practical how-to guide on hundreds of plant species ideally suited for planting in the woodland environment. Here is all the information needed to get started, from design, plant selection and initial planting through ongoing maintenance, using principles that can be applied anywhere in North America in almost any size garden - from large estate to city lot.

The book is easy-to-follow and clearly illustrated. Including zonal maps, a bibliography and over 80 pages of suitable plants, shrubs and climbers, The Woodland Garden features:

Designing the Woodland Garden
Building the Woodland Garden
The Canopy - plus a list of woodland trees
The Understory - plus a list of woodland shrubs
Plants of the Woodland Floor
Climbing Plants
Planting, Pruning and Maintenance
Authors' Favorite Plants - 109 detailed descriptions of the best woodland garden performers

Helpful tips throughout offer useful advice gleaned from the authors' decades of collective experience. They explain weeds and pests, preparing the land, watering and mulching, propagation. They discuss lilies and rhododendrons, soil characteristics, adapting a property, working with a new site, and converting an old garden. There are sections on fragrance, water, rocks, pathways, scale and unity plus how to analyze a site, design a woodland garden, and much more.

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About the Author:

R. Roy Forster is a master gardener who helped guide the creation of VanDusen Botanical Garden in Vancouver, British Columbia, a world-recognized prime example of woodland gardening.

Alex Downie is curator of the Bloedel Conservatory in Vancouver's Queen Elizabeth Park, also a public garden known worldwide.

Chapter 1: What This Book Is All About

For fifteen years now, we have been developing programs to help rural landowners understand and care for their properties. We know from this work that rural landowners love their land and are always ready to learn more about it. The single most common group of questions landowners have are related to caring for their woodlands and creating new woodlands by planting trees.

Some owners want to leave their woods completely alone, to preserve it just for the birds. Others need or want to harvest timber or firewood on an ongoing basis. In between are owners interested in nature study, hiking, hunting, and other activities. Many landowners choose a combination of these relationships with their land.

As long as the care of your woodland is "sustainable" -- that is, it leaves the woods in healthy ecological condition - we believe that management should be the choice of the landowner. This is why we use the term "stewardship" to refer to this role of landowners. In our view, stewardship simply means the care that private landowners give to their land. It implies some active management based on understanding and an ethical commitment to leave your land in as good condition as, or better than, you found it.

In this book, we will be reviewing a full range of woodland-management options, from preserving your woodland for nature to sustainable timber harvesting. Management that takes into account this complete range of options is sometimes referred to as "holistic forestry."

Woodland Stewardship

Over the past decade, the science of forest management has changed substantially, from a historic emphasis on timber and some wildlife management to an emphasis on caring for the entire forest as an "ecosystem."

An "ecosystem" is the sum total of all the factors and components that make up the natural system in a given region. It includes physical factors such as the soil, water, sunlight, nutrients, and energy that enable the system to function. It includes the plants that grow in the area to form a plant community. And it includes the wildlife that lives in the area, from birds to mammals to the millions of insects that we rarely notice.

Above all, the term "ecosystem" emphasizes the relationships and interactions among all these components. Thus an ecosystem is a complex web of individual parts, all interacting with each other, as we will discuss in more detail in Chapter 2, on woodland ecology.

A new term closely associated with our understanding of ecosystems is "biodiversity." This term has grown out of international concern for the disappearance of species as humanity eliminates more and more of the remaining natural habitats on the planet. It refers to the complete biological diversity in a region, including

the diversity of plant communities in a landscape,
the diversity of species in a community,
the diversity of genetic characteristics in a single species, and
the genetic traits of an individual organism.

Conservation of biodiversity is now a global priority, another issue to which we will return in the following chapter.

But woodlands have other important functions as well. Conserving water resources is one of the most critical; forest vegetation plays a key role in the hydrological cycle, moderating runoff and minimizing erosion. Woodlands also provide our most important wildlife habitats and are widely used for recreation, to say nothing of their economic value.

When we speak of ecosystem management, or conservation of biodiversity, we are placing the emphasis on the woodland as a whole, not just the trees and certainly not just those trees that we might harvest for timber. This new emphasis on the big picture -- the entire woodland in all its complexity - is one half of the idea of holistic forestry, or what we refer to as woodland stewardship. It recognizes all the ecological functions that woodlands perform.

At the same time, people are usually also part of this picture. At least in the landscape of eastern North America, most woodlands are privately owned, and these landowners use their woodlands for a wide range of purposes. These purposes can be described as the values that woodlands provide to society, though you can also argue that they have their own right to exist.

The values of woodlands are diverse, including

their contribution to the natural beauty of the landscape,
the rare species they may shelter,
the erosion control and water conservation they provide,
the oxygen they produce,
the opportunities for recreation they provide, from hunting to nature study, from snowmobiling to cross-country skiing,
their role as wildlife habitat,
their role in conserving biodiversity,
their ability to provide economic return through maple-syrup or firewood production, and
their ability to provide a sustainable harvest of timber.

This wide range of values, which can be reflected in our decision making, is the other half of the new emphasis on holistic forestry -- that is, the importance of taking all values into account when making management decisions.

Holistic forestry, or woodland stewardship as we use the term, is therefore forest management that considers the whole woodland as an ecosystem and all the management options that can be applied, as well as considering the whole range of values that the woodland provides.

Understanding Your Woodland

The first step in choosing among management options is to get to know your woodland. This requires walking through your woods at different times of the year, learning to identify the trees, and also recognizing other features such as streams or wetlands. There is no rush to make decisions; you will gain experience and be able to make better decisions over the years.

By gathering information about the trees, the other plants, and the wildlife in your woods, you can prepare a description or inventory. This is the first step in developing a management plan. It can also be the start of a much deeper appreciation of your woodland as an ecosystem in all its complexity.

You can either prepare such a woodland inventory yourself or hire a forest consultant to prepare one for you. Most government programs that support woodland management require the preparation of a basic inventory as the first part of a management plan. In Chapters 3 and 4, we outline the steps to follow in preparing a woodland inventory.

Balancing Choices

There are two fundamental choices for landowners to make among many possible woodland-management options and values.

The first choice is to determine a basic level of environmentally sustainable care for your woodland that will ensure ongoing protection of the entire woodland ecosystem. All woodland management, no matter what your personal objectives, should meet basic environmental goals.
The second choice is the balance of emphasis you wish to place among different values or uses reflecting your own personal interests, from conserving biodiversity and watching wildlife, to harvesting timber and firewood.

In this book, we will deal with both of these aspects of managing your woodlot.

In the first case, there are basic steps you should take to ensure the minimum level of environmental sustainability for your woodland. These include protection of the drainage pattern, protection of nesting birds from disturbance, and if harvesting timber, strict adherence to sustainable forest practices, among other concerns.

These basic requirements for sustainable woodlot management are emphasized throughout the book. They will be reflected in different chapters and depend on your own management interests. Remember, the best environmental management of your woodland is usually the best economic choice as well, especially in the long run.

Regarding the s

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