The current grading system does not provide equal opportunity for low-income students and that leads to grade inflation, high dropout rates, productivity loss, and more.
To help all students succeed, and promote equity in learning, vast changes in grading policies and scheduling are needed. In this research-based resource, the authors examine why current grading practices are ineffective for fostering a growth mindset, including the effect poverty has on student achievement. Beyond the Grade present an evidence-based case for switching to an equitable, standards-based grading system that improves student achievement for diverse student populations.
Use this book as a schoolwide study guide to ensure all staff fully understand the school variables that can influence student motivation and enhance achievement for all learners.
Benefits
Contents
Introduction
Part I: Assess Problems in Traditional Grading Practices
Chapter 1: Why It's Time to Reassess
Chapter 2: Flawed Grading Practices and Policies
Chapter 3: Poverty Creates Variables That Affect Achievement
Part II: Implement Solutions to the Problems
Chapter 4: Improved Grading Practices and Policies
Chapter 5: Strategies That Effectively Address Poverty and Its Variables
Chapter 6: Rethinking Scheduling
Epilogue: The Power of a Teacher
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Robert Lynn Canady, EdD, is professor emeritus and former chair in the Education Leadership, Foundations and Policy Studies department at the University of Virginia. He has taught grades 6-12 and served as principal of several schools in Tennessee and Kentucky. He also served as program director of staff desegregation, curriculum, and personnel in central offices in Tennessee. Robert has worked with school districts in forty-six states and with schools in the Virgin Islands and Dependent Schools in Germany. Major presentations have focused primarily on grading practices, active teaching strategies, implementing programs for at-risk students, accelerating literacy achievement for students in the primary grades, and using a variety of scheduling and instructional strategies to restructure schools.
In addition to publishing numerous articles in educational journals, Robert has served as general coeditor of seven books relative to teaching strategies designed for block schedules, and he has coauthored five books related to school policy and block schedules.
Carol E. Canady, PhD, is a literacy consultant, having consulted with school districts in Connecticut, Ohio, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia. Her passion is empowering educators with strategies that reduce student failure, primarily by institutionalizing administrative and literacy practices that produce accelerated reading gains. Her consulting focus includes: (1) teaching teachers how to use various assessment measures and instructional strategies within a response to intervention framework; (2) using word study and fluency instruction as bridges to effective reading comprehension; and (3) scheduling and implementing small-group literacy teams to accelerate reading achievement in the early grades.
Carol was an assistant professor of early childhood and teacher education at three universities in Ohio. She has also taught undergraduate and graduate courses in literacy assessment and instruction and in children's literature, with a focus on prekindergarten through third grade. Prior to teaching in higher education, Carol was a teacher, counselor, and literary coach in grades K-8 for thirteen years. As a literacy coach, she pioneered literacy teaming and assisted schools in high-poverty school districts to experience accelerated reading progress.
Anne Meek, EdD, taught kindergarten and then became a Title I reading specialist in Memphis, Shelby County, and Knoxville, Tennessee. In Knox County, TN, she became an elementary principal, then an elementary supervisor, conducting more than one thousand classroom observations and follow-up conferences. She chaired the state curriculum committee to develop the first set of basic skills in reading for the state of Tennessee.
Anne then became managing editor for Educational Leadership at the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD) in Alexandria, VA. In addition to reviewing both solicited and unsolicited manuscripts and then preparing the selected manuscripts for publication, she contributed numerous columns for Educational Leadership and authored, acquired, and edited several books. She presented sessions at ASCD annual conferences and state and regional meetings throughout the United States. She later served as director of publications for the Developmental Studies Center in Oakland, California. Later, she served as senior program specialist for the Education Statistics Services Institute in Washington, DC.
What if there were, right now, a practical, common-sense way to reduce student failure rates in our schools and, at the same time, significantly mitigate the harmful effects of poverty on student academic success? There is a way: focus on changing grading, homework, and scheduling practices in our schools. In Beyond the Grade, Canady, Canady, and Meek not only make a compelling, research-based case of why changing these practices is essential, but they also provide practical examples of ways to make this happen. --Robert Eaker, Educational Consultant and Author
Beyond the Grade has excellent information and resources that will enable a district to make an informed decision about the benefits of standards-based grading for their student body. Also, it sites some of the same resources and information that we have used in the process of changing to a standards-based grading district. The discussion questions and reflection questions create a deeper discussion among the stakeholders at the table. Beyond the Grade will enable everyone to understand that students' success is the priority. --Kevin Ericson, Special Education Teacher, Nevada High School, Nevada, Iowa
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