Synopsis
1. Introduction
2. Revisiting the Informal Settlement Phenomenon
3. Informal Settlements and Urban Management in Iran
4. The World Bank's Slum Upgrading Programs in LDCS
5. Five Iranian Target Cities
6. Empowering Slums in Iran
7. Data Collection
8. From Goals to Outcomes
9. The Four Failures (Challenges)
10. The Empowerment Paradox
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