Precipitation structures are one of the most commonly occurring natural phenomena in both inanimate (e.g., structure of rocks and minerals) and animate systems (e.g., seashell pattern formation). Their scientific importance became evident when Raphael Eduard Liesegang discovered and published the first man-made precipitation system more than a hundred years ago. After his famous work, many precipitation systems have been designed and investigated, where different precipitation structures can be formed in two or three dimensions. Pattern formation occurs due to the interplay between the precipitation reaction and diffusion of the ionic compounds. The produced pattern consists of a set of precipitation bands, rings or other complex structures depending on the geometry, chemical composition and initial and boundary conditions of the system. Despite these significant efforts, this research field is currently in a transient position. The focus of the research of the precipitation pattern formation must gradually turn from the investigation of individual and specific systems to their control in macro and microscales and the use of these controlled patterns in material science. However, this requires a deep and sufficient knowledge about the details of the pattern formation and its control. The aim of this book is to collect recent works and knowledge on the precipitation pattern formation in reaction-diffusion systems. This book contains reviews and original contributions covering this topic from different aspects including geosciences, chemistry, physics and mathematics.
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