In the wake of Mikhail Botvinnik's win of the 1933 USSR Chess Championship in Leningrad, a match was devised by Alexander Ilyin-Zhenevsky and Nikolai Vasilyevich Krylenko to pit the new Soviet champion against Salomon Flohr, at that time one of the people believed to be strong enough to challenge Alexander Alekhine in a world championship title match. Flohr agreed to the match with Botvinnik, the first six games to be played in Moscow and the latter six games to be played in Leningrad. Many figures in Soviet chess circles at the time were skeptical of Botvinnik's chances against the very strong Czechoslavkian master, despite Botvinnik's successes and increasingly systematic methods of preparation. Krylenko insisted, however, claiming that Botvinnik and the new generation by extension had to be "tested." The first half of the match was dismal for both Botvinnik and Krylenko. Flohr got off to a one-game lead in the opening round of the match and had made it plus +2 by the wrap up in Moscow. Botvinnik persevered in Leningrad however, managing to win two games of his own and finally leaving the match score tied at 6 points at the final.
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Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik (August 17 [O.S. August 4] 1911 - May 5, 1995) was a Soviet and Russian chess grandmaster and World Chess Champion for most of 1948 to 1963. Working as an electrical engineer and computer scientist at the same time, he was one of the very few players who achieved distinction in another career while playing top-class competitive chess. He was also a pioneer of computer chess. Botvinnik was the first world-class player to develop within the Soviet Union, putting him under political pressure but also giving him considerable influence within Soviet chess. From time to time he was accused of using that influence to his own advantage, but the evidence is unclear and some suggesthe resisted attempts by Soviet officials to intimidate some of his rivals. Botvinnik also played a major role in the organization of chess, making a significant contribution to the design of the World Chess Championship system after World War II and becoming a leading member of the coaching system that enabled the Soviet Union to dominate top-class chess during that time. His pupils include World Champions Anatoly Karpov, Garry Kasparov and Vladimir Kramnik.
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