From Additive Manufacturing to 3D/4D Printing 1: From Concepts to Achievements

In 1984, additive manufacturing represented a new methodology for manipulating matter, consisting of harnessing materials and/or energy to create three-dimensional physical objects. Today, additive manufacturing technologies represent a market of around 5 billion euros per year, with an annual growth between 20 and 30%. Different processes, materials and dimensions (from nanometer to decameter) within additive manufacturing techniques have led to 70,000 publications on this topic and to several thousand patents with applications as wide-ranging as domestic uses.

Volume 1 of this series of books presents these different technologies with illustrative industrial examples. In addition to the strengths of 3D methods, this book also covers their weaknesses and the developments envisaged in terms of incremental innovations to overcome them.

Jean-Claude André is a Researcher with the CNRS where he works on light–matter interactions. He is responsible for the first ever patent in stereolithography, granted in 1984, and patented a non-layer 3D printing process in 2016. His research focuses on 4D printing and bio-printing.