Air Force Space Systems Development Program (SPADE I)

The popular Apple+ TV show "For All Mankind" describes an alternative universe in which the exploration of space went better than in our historical timeline. Things could have gone worse, too. Most people now agree that it is good that the Cold War stayed cold and that overt competition in space was mostly nonviolent. In recent years, we have seen a disturbing trend where extreme ideas from the Early Atomic Era were dusted off and brought to reality, like the Russian "Poseidon" nuclear-powered, nuclear-armed strategic torpedo and the threatened nuclear EMP anti-satellite weapon. Unfortunately, this means that an increase in the attention paid to military space history is likely wise.

Facing intense competition from the Soviet Union, the 1959 Air Force document "Space Development (SPADE)" laid out a comprehensive plan for achieving military dominance in space. Recognizing the potential for decisive military advantages in space, the document outlined requirements for offensive, defensive, surveillance, and communication systems, as well as supporting missions like environmental monitoring and space navigation.

SPADE identified several systems already in operation or development, including the THOR and ATLAS missiles, the MIDAS missile attack alarm system, and the SAMOS reconnaissance satellite. It also proposed further study and development of advanced systems, such as bombardment satellites, satellite interceptors, and manned orbital vehicles. Recognizing the high cost of space systems, the document emphasized the need for prioritizing development efforts and maximizing cost-effectiveness through subsystem correlation and technological advancements.

Ultimately, SPADE served as a critical planning guide for the Air Force's space program during the Cold War. While some of the envisioned systems never materialized, the document's focus on offensive and defensive capabilities, reconnaissance, and secure communications laid the groundwork for the Air Force's continued presence and influence in space.

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