Alaska Native Resilience: Voices from World War II

Winner of the 2025 Robert M. Utley Award, Western History Association
Winner of the 2025 John C. Ewers Award, Western History Association
Winner of the 2025 Robert G. Athearn Award, Western History Association
Winner of the 2025 Caroline Bancroft History Prize, Denver Public Library’s Special Collection and Archives
Finalist for the 2025 Shapiro Book Prize, Huntington Library
Honorable Mentionn for the 2025 Erminie Wheeler-Voegelin Prize, American Society for Ethnohistory

Alaska Native elders remember wartime invasion, relocation, and land reclamation

The US government justified its World War II occupation of Alaska as a defense against Japan’s invasion of the Aleutian Islands, but it equally served to advance colonial expansion in relation to the geographically and culturally diverse Indigenous communities affected. Offering important Alaska Native experiences of this history, Holly Miowak Guise draws on a wealth of oral histories and interviews with Indigenous elders to explore the multidimensional relationship between Alaska Natives and the US military during the Pacific War.

The forced relocation and internment of Unanga in 1942 proved a harbinger of Indigenous loss and suffering in World War II Alaska. Violence against Native women, assimilation and Jim Crow segregation, and discrimination against Native servicemen followed the colonial blueprint. Yet Alaska Native peoples took steps to enact their sovereignty and restore equilibrium to their lives by resisting violence and disrupting attempts at US control. Their subversive actions altered the colonial structures imposed upon them by maintaining Indigenous spaces and asserting sovereignty over their homelands.

A multifaceted challenge to conventional histories, Alaska Native Resilience shares the experiences of Indigenous peoples from across Alaska to reveal long-overlooked demonstrations of Native opposition to colonialism.

Holly Miowak Guise (Iñupiaq) is assistant professor of history at the University of New Mexico.