This 1904 study argues that many organic drugs work not by their bulk molecules, but by dissociation into small, highly active ions. It uses examples like nitrites, chloroform, and ammonium hydrate to show how seconds of ion formation can produce noticeable physiological changes. The work presents a unifying view: a drug’s action relates to the ions it can form, their electrical potential, and how tissues influence their behavior.

Two key ideas emerge: ions present in only tiny amounts can dominate the response, and the same outcome can be achieved by different ions if their electrical properties line up. The author links chemical structure, diffusion speed, and solution conditions to the strength and direction of stimulation or depression in nerves and muscles. Throughout, the discussion ties laboratory observations to general principles about chemical and electrical stimulation of protoplasm.

How ions and their electric potentials shape drug effects
Examples that connect chemical dissociation to physiological responses
A framework for predicting stimulation versus depression from salts and organics
The role of tissue environment in changing a drug’s action

Ideal for readers of early pharmacology and physiology who want a historical, theory-driven view of how ions influence drug action and nerve responses.

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