This Special Issue aims to help readers understand cutting-edge AI technologies for industrial process modeling and optimization. The integration of AI into industrial processes is a transformative trend that is improving modeling accuracy, optimizing control strategies, supporting adaptive operation, and increasing safety, efficiency, and sustainability across manufacturing, automation, robotics, and process engineering. This collection gathers high-quality original research and review papers covering AI-based modeling, data-driven methods, complex industrial process modeling, adaptive control, human-machine collaboration, intelligent optimization, decision-support systems, cyber-physical systems, and process monitoring and fault diagnosis. By presenting practical applications, innovative algorithms, and engineering insights in these fields, the contributing authors demonstrate the tangible value of artificial intelligence in industrial process modeling and optimization. These works offer researchers and engineers clear technical routes and inspiration for developing and deploying next-generation intelligent industrial systems.