When the Forth Bridge opened on 4 March 1890 it was the longest railway bridge in the world and the first large structure made of steel. Crossing the wide Firth of Forth east of Edinburgh, it represents one of the greatest engineering triumphs of Victorian Britain, man’s victory over the intractable topography of land and water. Not surprisingly, such a vigorous rebuff of the natural order was condemned at the time by those late Victorians who resisted the march of technology, and William Morris described the Bridge as the �supremest specimen of all ugliness�. In response, Benjamin Baker insisted that its beauty lay in its functional elegance. Contrasting his masterpiece with the only comparable structure of the period, the Eiffel Tower, he concluded: �The Eiffel Tower is a foolish piece of work, ugly, illproportioned and of no real use to anyone.

About the Author

Ian Boyd Whyte is an architectural historian specializing in the architecture of the late 19 and early 20th centuries. Angus J. Macdonald is a structural engineer with particular research interests in the relationship between structure and architecture. Both teach in the Department of Agriculture at the University of Edinburgh. Colin Baxter is one of Scotland's most celebrated photographers.

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