Beyond Science and Empire: Circulation of Knowledge in an Age of Global Empires, 1750-1945 (Empire and the Making of the Modern World, 1650-2000)

Through ten case studies by international specialists, this book investigates the circulation and production of scientific knowledge between 1750 and 1945 in the fields of agriculture, astronomy, botany, cartography, medicine, statistics, and zoology.

In this period, most of the world was under some form of imperial control, while science emerged as a discrete field of activity. What was the relationship between empire and science? Was science just an instrument for imperial domination? While such guiding questions place the book in the tradition of science and empire studies, it offers a fresh perspective in dialogue with global history and circulatory approaches. The book demonstrates, not by theoretical discourse but through detailed historical case studies, that the adoption of a global scale of analysis or an emphasis on circulatory processes does not entail analytical vagueness, diffusionism in disguise, or complacency with imperialism. The chapters show scientific knowledge emerging from the actions of little-known individuals moving across several Empires―European, Asian, and South American alike―in unanticipated places and institutions, and through complex processes of exchange, competition, collaboration, and circulation of knowledge.

The book will interest scholars and undergraduate and graduate students concerned with the connections between the history of science, imperial history, and global history.

Matheus Alves Duarte da Silva is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the University of St Andrews, working on the global history of medicine. He is the author of Quand la peste connectait le monde: production et circulation de savoirs microbiologiques entre Brésil, Inde et France (1894–1922) (2020).

Thomás A. S. Haddad is an Associate Professor of History of Science at the University of São Paulo, Brazil, specializing on astral knowledge practices in early modern empires. He is the author of Maps of the Moon: Lunar Cartography from the Seventeenth Century to the Space Age (2019).

Kapil Raj is a Distinguished Research Professor at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris, whose research is focused on the role of intercultural encounters in the construction of modern science. He is the author of Relocating Modern Science: Circulation and the Construction of Knowledge in South Asia and Europe, 1650–1900 (2007).