Biomarkers in Pulpal Inflammation

**Biomarkers in pulpal inflammation** represent a critical bridge between the biological events occurring within the dental pulp and accurate clinical diagnosis. During pulpal inflammation, a cascade of cellular and molecular responses leads to the release of specific biomarkers such as cytokines, neuropeptides, enzymes, and inflammatory mediators. These biomarkers reflect the severity, activity, and progression of the disease process at a microscopic level. Understanding their expression patterns helps differentiate between reversible and irreversible pulpitis, enabling more precise treatment planning. As minimally invasive dentistry advances, pulpal biomarkers offer promising potential for early detection, prognosis assessment, and the development of chairside diagnostic tools that enhance clinical decision-making and preserve pulp vitality.