This volume presents multidisciplinary perspectives from leading scholars in the science of teams and intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) on research needed to advance the state of the art of team ITSs. Our esteemed authors provide lessons learned to guide future research that will produce the technical capabilities needed to support team skills development. The introduction by Drs. Robert Sottilare and Eduardo Salas, who are leaders in the field of ITSs and team science, discusses the challenges and approaches to building ITSs for teams. The volume’s first section introduces concepts for understanding team training such as team task analysis, team macrocognition, measurement strategies for dynamic processes, and effective team training methods to provide insights into ITS design. Section two presents recent advances in team assessment and feedback through unobtrusive assessments, modeling dynamic team interactions, neurodynamic scaffolding, and collaborative tutoring strategies. In the Volume’s third section authors discuss lessons learned from past research, provide a discourse on the five disciplinary perspectives of engineering, learning sciences, team research, data analysis, and human computer interaction to create a framework for guiding team ITS developers, and examine the team ITS requirements for long term space travel. The final chapter summarizes and integrates lessons learned and provides recommendations for future research and development.
Dr. Joan Johnston is a Senior Scientist with the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) where she conducts research on training effectiveness and team training. In 2014, she received the US Army Civilian Service Achievement Medal for an innovative team training strategy to improve decision making under stress. Prior to ARL, she was a senior research psychologist for the U.S. Navy. She was made a NAVAIR Fellow, was awarded the ONR Dr. Arthur E. Bisson Prize for Naval Technology Achievement (2000), and the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology M. Scott Myers Award for Applied Research in the Workplace (2001). She serves as a reviewer for the Journal of Military Psychology. Dr. Johnston received her M.A. and Ph.D. in Industrial and Organizational Psychology from the University of South Florida.
Dr. Robert Sottilare leads adaptive training research with the US Army Research Laboratory where his research focus is authoring, instructional management, and evaluation tools and methods for intelligent tutoring systems. He is a co-creator of the Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring (GIFT), an open-source tutoring architecture, and is the chief editor for the Design Recommendations for Intelligent Tutoring Systems book series. Dr. Sottilare frequent lecturers at the United States Military Academy and the University of Central Florida. He received his doctorate in Modeling & Simulation from the University of Central Florida with a focus in intelligent systems. He has been honored with two lifetime achievement awards in Modeling & Simulation from the US Army (2012) and the National Training and Simulation Association (2015).
Dr. Anne M. Sinatra is an Adaptive Training Scientist and Research Psychologist with the US Army Research Laboratory where her research focus is on cognitive and human factors psychology, as well as team tutoring. She works on the Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring (GIFT) project, and is the lead for the team modeling research vector. Dr. Sinatra has published over 50 peer-reviewed book chapters, journal articles and conference papers. Dr. Sinatra received her M.A. and Ph.D. in Applied Experimental and Human Factors Psychology from the University of Central Florida.
Dr. C. Shawn Burke is a Professor (Research) at the Institute for Simulation and Training of the University of Central Florida. Her expertise includes teams and their leadership, team adaptability, team training, measurement, evaluation, and team effectiveness. She is currently investigating leadership within virtually, distributed teams, team resilience, issues related to multi-cultural team performance and multi-team systems. Dr. Burke earned her doctorate in Industrial/Organizational Psychology from George Mason University and is an Associate Editor for the Journal of Trust Research and Consulting Editor for the Journal of Business and Psychology. She also serves as an ad-hoc reviewer for several journals, including: Leadership Quarterly, Journal of Applied Psychology, Military Psychology, Small Group Research. She has co-edited books on adaptability and advances in team effectiveness research.
