Synopsis
After the defeat of France and its allies in the Napoleonic Wars, Britain and Russia expanded greatly to be the world's leading powers. Russia expanded its land in the far eastern Asia, and Great Britain grew rapidly in the first half of the nineteenth century, with the expansion of vast territories in Canada, Australia, South Africa, and India, and Africa in later decades. After the Napoleonic Wars, Britain had experienced globalization, industrialization, and economic integration on a massive scale. In France, the revolution was so successful that Napoleon III was elected President in 1848 and became Emperor in 1852. Both the July Revolution of 1848 in France and the unification of Germany in 1871 were the two great historical strides in the nineteenth century. In economy, the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and spread to continental Europe, North America, and Japan. Advances in medicine and the understanding of human anatomy and disease prevention accelerated the growth of the European population that doubled during the century. Introduction of railroads brought major advancement in land transportation, which changed the way people lived and obtained goods easily in large cities. In society, the British abolished slavery in 1833, America in 1865 , and Brazil in 1888. Russia abolished the serfdom in 1861 after the critical loss of the Crimean War. Book V consists of five chapters. Chapter I, Politics and Religion includes the Concert of Europe, the age of nationalism and unification, the growth of state power and imperialism, armed forces and war; and religion and politics. Chapter II, Economy and Society includes national income, population; agriculture; technology and industrialization; commerce and transportation; finance and banking; mass society in the age of progress; and the state and industrial revolution. Chapter III, Political Philosophy covers liberalism; conservatism; socialism and Marxism; nationalism, anarchism, and fascism; feminism, ecologism, and religious fundamentalism; the reaction against metaphysical idealism; utilitarianism, British idealism, and pragmatism. Chapter IV, Economic Thought includes John Stuart Mill; Karl Marx; marginal analysis of Stanley Jevons and Carl Menger; Alfred Marshall and Neoclassical economics; Leon Walras and general equilibrium economics; institutional and historical critics of Neoclassical economics; Austrian critiques of Neoclassical economics; and socio-cultural evolutionism. Finally, Chapter V, Summary and Conclusion consists of summary, conclusion, and Appendix that reviews the major contents of political economy in order for readers to understand the interrelations between economic and political theories to maximize benefits of interdisciplinary studies.
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