Complex systems are unified wholes formed by many interacting units. One key source of their complexity lies in the intricate entanglement of causal structures. A notable feature of these systems is the phenomenon of emergent causality, where stronger causal relationships may arise at the macro-scale rather than the micro-scale, as seen in fields like statistical mechanics. This Special Issue focuses on "Causality and Complex Systems", examining the interplay of causal relationships and the emergence of causal structures within complex systems. The 17 articles in this issue encompass a broad spectrum of topics, ranging from theoretical frameworks to practical applications, with the shared goal of advancing our understanding of causality in dynamic, interconnected systems. Key contributions of this issue include novel theoretical frameworks for quantifying causal emergence, innovative causal machine learning algorithms, and information-theoretic measures for analyzing causality. Methodological advancements are also presented for causal discovery in complex and nonlinear systems. Furthermore, this issue features interdisciplinary applications across neuroscience, biology, sociology, and environmental science, demonstrating the versatility of causal methods in addressing real-world phenomena. Ultimately, this Special Issue enhances both the theoretical understanding of causality in complex systems and provides practical tools and methodologies to tackle challenges in data-driven research.

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We first started out as ?The Paperback Exchange,? a chain of physical bookstores where we would part exchange your beloved books for new stories to transport you to faraway places. However, as shopping started to evolve to online shops and marketplaces, we bid our stores goodbye to become ?PBShop.? This transition has only allowed us to blossom as we now ship thousands of titles to book lovers across the globe. We pride ourselves in being a community of local book lovers which allows our passion and devotion to shine in everything we do. In 2020 we not only celebrated our 20th birthday but our 1st birthday as being completely employee owned after becoming an E.O.T in September 2019. We are proud to be different and embrace standing apart on a book mountain by working from a virtual inventory which allows us to provide thousands of books that may be difficult to get for your bookshelf or your studies. Working with a number of different suppliers allows us to explore other avenues such as puzzles, sheet music and even stationery so we really do have something for everyone. Life is about being versatile in all realms of existence. If this is your first visit or you are a returning customer, we would like to welcome you to the PBShop family, for there is no friend as loyal as a book. We are a company who put our customers at the centre of everything we do as we understand the importance of reading because once you learn to read, you will forever be free. There are a whole lot of things in this world of ours that we are yet to explore, which is why we will forever inspire curious minds.

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