The Causes of Climate Change and the Solutions to Challenges: The author regards the earth as a home to humanity. He performed earth temperature calculations to find the causes & solutions.

We all know the consequences of Climate Change. It has become one of the biggest challenges that humanity has ever faced.

But what exactly are the causes of climate change? We know for sure that greenhouse gases have contributed to climate change. But are there any other reasons that also cause climate change? To answer these questions, the author of this book tried to visualize the whole solar system from space. He utilizes his knowledge of heating, cooling and ventilation design for residential houses to perform heat loss and heat gain analysis for our home _the earth for all humanities. The result of the calculation and this analysis are shocking.

Based on the earth’s temperature rise data collected since the industrial revolution, and the scientific calculation, as well as thermal dynamic analysis, he has concluded that greenhouse gas emissions may only account for 25% of the global temperature rise, the rest contribution is from fossil fuel by-products that have been used to cover the surface of the earth. 99.8% of the “out-of-balance” energy has been deposited into the oceans. Nature will still be adding excessive energy to the earth, until the energy balance is established.

Humans have set up the earth’s current condition for its temperature to reach an average of 18ºC if no actions are taken. Even if we stop greenhouse gas emission tomorrow and stop using fossil fuel by-products, the earth’s temperature will still rise at a pace of 0.0318 ºC (0.0572 ºF) each year, until it stabilizes at 18 ºC, when the earth will reject the same amount of energy into space as it will absorb. Without swift actions, the global average temperature will reach 18 ºC (3 ºC rise as compared to the pre-industrial revolution temperature) much faster than we have anticipated.

To solve this problem, the author of this book has come up with a concept called: “Global Warming Footprint Power” (GWFP). The GWFP has a unit of watts. GHG emissions can also be measured in GWFP. We could calculate the GWFP value for all the buildings, construction sites, parking lots, airport runways and pavement. We can also calculate the Global Warming Footprint Energy (GWFE) value in Kilowatt-hours.

The “out-of-balance” energy from any buildings, road pavement, sites will eventually end up in the oceans. The “out-of-balance” energy includes the solar irradiance energy that is absorbed by lower albedo value materials, such as asphalt material pavement, asphalt shingles...etc. unless it is covered by other higher albedo value materials, such as vinyl material with light colors…etc., or the solar panels to convert the solar irradiance energy into electricity for consumption in the buildings or charging electric vehicles.