Chalcopyrites in Photovoltaics: Structure, Properties and Applications

This chapter lays the scientific foundations for understanding photovoltaic technology, highlighting the operating principles of solar cells and the characteristics of their semiconductor materials. The photovoltaic cell, as a device for the direct conversion of solar energy into electricity, relies on well-established physical phenomena, such as the photoelectric effect and the behavior of charge carriers in PN junctions.We have highlighted the importance of semiconductors, and in particular ternary compounds, which offer an interesting compromise between performance, cost and integration flexibility. These materials offer promising prospects for the development of high-efficiency cells, particularly in second- and third-generation technologies.Finally, the wide range of applications for photovoltaic energy, from domestic installations to space systems, testifies to its relevance in a world in search of sustainable energy alternatives. Nevertheless, despite its many advantages, this technology still faces technical, economic and environmental challenges that need to be overcome to ensure widespread adoption.