Nonstandard topology is a kind of topology which is constructed by means of nonstandard analysis. There are several important concepts in topology which can be defined in terms of preopen sets. Among the most well-known are Bourbaki’s submaximal spaces. In this book, we apply the notions of β-open and preopen sets in topological spaces to present and study two new types of monads which are called βθ-monad and Pθ-monad which play an important role in studying and characterizing several topological concepts like β-closed spaces, β-T2 spaces, p-closed spaces, pre-Urysohn spaces, ..etc. and it can be used in an external characterizing of pre -θ-open sets and βθ-open sets.

About the Author

Ibrahim O. Hamad, Ph.D.: Assistant (Associate) Professor, Univ. of Salahaddin-Hawler, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Tahir H. Ismail, Ph.D.: Professor, Univ. of Mosul, Sami A. Hussein, Ph.D.: Lecturer, Univ. of Salahaddin-Hawler, Interest field: Nonstandard Analysis and its Applications.

"About this title" may belong to another edition of this title.

Store Description

We carry a wide selection of books from South Asia, United States, UK.

Visit Seller's Storefront

Seller's business information

Readingos GmbH
Kaiserstra�e 47, Frankfurt am Main, 60329, Germany

Sale & Shipping Terms

Terms of Sale

Shipping Terms

To ensure faster delivery, books may be shipped from any of the following locations Germany, the United Kingdom (UK), the United States (US), based on the buyer's address and product availability.

Shipping rates from Germany to U.S.A.

Shipping rates from Germany to U.S.A.
Order quantity	25 to 45 business days	8 to 14 business days
First item	US$ 11.57	US$ 21.74

Delivery times are set by sellers and vary by carrier and location. Orders passing through Customs may face delays and buyers are responsible for any associated duties or fees. Sellers may contact you regarding additional charges to cover any increased costs to ship your items.