Churchill's Forgotten Generals: Victors in Burma. This item is unavailable.Churchill's Forgotten Generals: Victors in Burma

The crucial roles of Generals Auchinleck, Slim, and Savory in the campaigns in Northeast India and Burma (Myanmar) have been largely overlooked in the historiography of the Second World War.

Prime Minister Winston Churchill dismissed General Claude Auchinleck as Commander-in-Chief in the Middle East after the First Battle of Alamein, but he went on to serve as Commander-in-Chief India for the remainder of the war. In this post he was instrumental in preparing the Indian Army for jungle warfare and improving conditions for both officers and men, not least through reforms to pay and welfare.

General William Slim, later celebrated as the commander of the 14th Army, remains better known—his memoir Defeat into Victory captured the spirit of the Burma campaign. Popular with British and Indian troops alike, “Bill” Slim oversaw one of the most striking turnarounds of the war. Auchinleck and Slim would both be promoted to Field Marshal after 1945.

Major General Reginald Savory, as Director of Infantry from 1943 to 1945, played a vital though long-forgotten role in ensuring that battalions across India were trained and equipped for the unique demands of jungle warfare. His influence extended into the postwar period, culminating in his service as Adjutant General until the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947.

Together, the appointments of Auchinleck, Slim, and Savory in 1943 proved pivotal to the eventual defeat of the Imperial Japanese Army in Burma. For the first time in the war, the key figures shaping Indian Army policy all came from within its ranks and understood its traditions and ethos. their leadership helped forge the Indian Army into a force capable of both victory in the field and successful transition at independence.

Professor Raymond Callahan’s interest in the Indian Army of the British Raj was kindled by reading John Masters’ Bugles and a Tiger as a teenager. Since taking his PhD at Harvard he has written five books and numerous articles on the subject, including with Daniel Marston, The Burma Campaign and the Transformation of the British Indian Army (2021) which won the Templer Medal Prize. He is Professor Emeritus of History at the University of Delaware, a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society and a series editor of Helion’s ‘War and Military Culture in South Asia’.

Alan Jeffreys is a curator at the Imperial War Museum and is an expert on tactics and training for jungle warfare and the British Army in the Far East during World War II.