Colonial Education for Africans: George Stark's Policy in Zimbabwe

Although colonialism has officially been terminated, it continues to affect populations whose recent history has been shaped by European institutions, economic policies, and cultural biases. Focusing on British educational policy in colonial Zimbabwe, this historical study offers a unique perspective on the subject. It provides a detailed examination of a British educational program for Africans established in the 1930s, the purposes it was intended to serve, and its long-term consequences.

A policy of practical training and tribal conditioning was designed and implemented by George Stark, Director of Native Education in colonial Zimbabwe from 1934 to 1954. Expressing the philosophy and goals of both Stark and the British colonial government, its stated purposes were to develop a vast pool of cheap unskilled manual labor and to confine the African population to tribal settings. Dickson Mungazi discusses the policy as at once a reflection of traditional Victorian socio-cultural attitudes and the means to maintain a colonial status quo that allowed the profitable exploitation of the colony's material and human resources. The author examines the consequent educational and economic disabilities suffered by the African population and the impact of their long exclusion from an effective role in the affairs of their country. This study is based on research utilizing extensive original materials from the period, including reports and official colonial government documents. It will be of interest in the areas of African history, colonialism, British social and political history, and the history of education.

DICKSON A. MUNGAZI is Regents Professor of Education and History at Northern Arizona University.