Comprehensive Analysis of Canine Tumors: Cytological, Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Insights

The study investigates canine tumors through cytological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analysis. Cytology is quick, relatively inexpensive and less painful to the animal and easily repeatable technique but it cannot differentiate between benign and malignant tumors every time; so for confirmatory diagnosis of a tumor, Histopathology is required. Histopathology is considered gold standard for tumor diagnosis which assesses tissue structure and architecture, aiding in tumor classification and grading. Immunohistochemistry employs specific antibodies to identify protein markers, aiding in tumor characterization, origin determination and understanding molecular pathways. This comprehensive approach enhances diagnostic accuracy and provides valuable information for treatment planning in canine oncology.