There are many approaches to introducing students to
philosophy and to a philosophical approach to ethical issues. The approach in this textbook is to emphasis
issues and general theory over intellectual history. Metaethical issues about moral relativism and
subjectivism are not considered. A
manageable four standard philosophical approaches to determining moral right
and wrong are showcased: obligation
theory, utilitarianism, justice theory, and rational egoism.
The reading is designed to assist the teacher in helping
students understand objective approaches to moral judgments, both in theory and
in application. Ethical issues about
sanctity of life, quality of life, and how to cope with death are the used as
case studies for applying each of the four theories. Much time is devoted to describing the
inevitable dance between life and death, and protecting life versus killing to
preserve life, what some have called the Death System. Other social and ethical issues covered are
the nature of democracy, how to make our society more democratic, environmental
issues and animal rights, capital punishment, euthanasia & suicide, and
abortion.
Study or review questions are provided at the end of
every chapter as well as recommended further readings. The first chapter is devoted to discussing
what philosophy is all about, the method of philosophy, what you can do with
philosophy, and what philosophy can do for you.