Conjunctions and Disjunctions

In Conjunctions and Disjunctions, Octavio Paz offers what he calls his “rough draft” for a history of man, which is a history of human nature rather than of men or of cultures and civilizations. For Paz, this history is grounded in the polarity of being and the flux and balance of life. It can be read in the dualities by which we live, the pairs of contrasting concepts or signs by which all cultures organize themselves—body and soul or mind, life and death, eros and thanatos, the sex organs and the face. His book is an exploration of those dualities over time and across traditions, brought together with provocative erudition and a poet’s scintillating insight.

Ranging through Eastern and Western religions, ancient and contemporary civilizations, and subjects as diverse as history, politics, science, and literature, Paz cites saints, philosophers, anthropologists, and psychoanalysts as he teases out the correspondences and contrasts that comprise this history. The final section of his book seeks to assess not only what this world of contrasting signs represents, but where it is headed—what energies in man will help ensure our future.

Octavio Paz was born in 1914 in Mexico City. A poet, writer, thinker, and diplomat, he was the author of many volumes of poetry as well as literary and art criticism and works on politics, culture, and Mexican history. Winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1990, he was also awarded the Jerusalem Prize, the Cervantes Prize, the Neustadt International Prize for Literature, and the German Peace Prize. He died in 1998.